SAP Adaptive Server Enterprise 16.0

SAP Adaptive Server Enterprise 16.0 (Japanese)

SAP Adaptive Server Enterprise 16.0 (Simplified Chinese)

Adaptive Server Enterprise 15.7 SP121

Adaptive Server Enterprise 15.7 SP110

Adaptive Server Enterprise 15.7 SP100

Adaptive Server Enterprise 15.7 SP60

Adaptive Server Enterprise 15.7 SP50

Adaptive Server Enterprise 15.7 ESD #4

Adaptive Server Enterprise 15.7 ESD #3

Adaptive Server Enterprise 15.7 ESD #2

Adaptive Server Enterprise 15.7 ESD #2 (Japanese)

Adaptive Server Enterprise 15.7 ESD #2 (Simplified Chinese)

Adaptive Server Enterprise 15.7

Adaptive Server Enterprise 15.7 (Japanese)

Adaptive Server Enterprise 15.7 (Simplified Chinese)

Adaptive Server Enterprise 15.5

Adaptive Server Enterprise 15.5 - Simplified Chinese

Adaptive Server Enterprise 15.5 (Japanese)

Adaptive Server Enterprise 12.5.4

Adaptive Server Enterprise 12.5.4 (Simplified Chinese)

Adaptive Server Enterprise 12.5.4 (French)

Adaptive Server Enterprise 12.5.4 (Japanese)

Adaptive Server Enterprise 12.5.3

Adaptive Server Enterprise 12.5.2

Adaptive Server Enterprise 12.5.1

Release Bulletin ASE 12.5.1 for HP-UX  Accessing current release bulletin information  Product summary  Installation kit  Server components  PC-client components  Operating system updates  Special installation instructions  Known installation issues  Job Scheduler templates scripts must be downloaded from Sybase CodeXchange Web site  InstallShield and incaccessible NFS mounted devices  Special upgrade instructions  Change in versioning of SDK components  Adaptive Server 12.5.1 backward compatibility  Product and platform interoperability  New functionality in this version  sysconfig is not Section 508 compliant  PowerTransfer  SDK compatibility issues  Moving Open Client/Server applications to version 12.5.1  Notes for installing version 12.5.1 SDK  Known problems  Highlighted known LDAP-related problems  Blank spaces in an ldap server entry  langinstall and charset utilities do not support LDAP  alter table and triggers with if update() clauses  Truncation error using select with power() function and numeric argument  Highlighted known ASE Replicator problems  Subscription status incorrect after abnormal shutdown  No errors with invalid database connection name  Incorrect error message with invalid database connection name  Incorrect error message with invalid subscription name  Statistics not returned by some commands  UNIX permission problems with RUN script creation  Publishing multiple tables with the same name not supported  Some nested quotes not allowed  Java object replication not supported  Some commands fail on case-insensitive servers  Some messages returned incorrectly on UTF-8 servers  Roman-8 character set issues  Java out-of-memory problems  Highlighted known XML problems  Use of XPath queries contain wild cards that fetch an attribute  Cross platform bcp of parsed XML images  XML samples: jcs.jar and sqlx.jar interplay issues  New reserved words  Default values not always set correctly in the Job Scheduler templete creation wizard  SQL derived tables cannot have unnamed columns  Reconfiguring from utf8 with external sort order  InstallShield failure  Versions strings for Open Client/Server are not correct  Backup Server sybmultbuf mismatch error  Queries containing a select statement with a group by statement  Job Scheduler Agent cannot terminate a job on request  Job timeout in Job Scheduler not currently available  XML identifiers that cannot be used as element names  sybmigrate error messages  XA might hang when used with Open Client/Server  Enhanced Full-Text Search installation  Errors in queries with derived tables  Starting dataserver manually or with RUN scripts causes Adaptive Server to hang  SQL Advantage queries hanging  Views must have defined column names  Migrating between single-byte and multibyte charactersets  Migration of stored procedures  cis connect timeout and enable SNMP do not work  XP Server returns incorrect results  Network license daemon support  bcp and abstract data types  Referencing Java data in a nonrecovered database  Using jConnect and Adaptive Server  Configuring connectivity for clients accessing wide data  Upgrading check constraints  Handling multibyte character sets during migration  Adaptive Server plug-in default character set and language  Dynamic and host variables not allowed in DDL statements  Product compatibilities  Replication Server compatibility  Documentation updates and clarifications  Utility Guide  dataserver clarification  ddlgen update  Omission from sybmigrate  Utilities moved  bcp clarification  Transact-SQL User’s Guide  Reference Manual: Building Blocks  @@verison_as_integer update  set_appcontext update  Reference Manual: Commands  dbcc check parameter  create index clarification  bcp reference page clafification  set command option explicit_transaction_require not supported  New set parameters proc_output_params and set proc_return_status  System Administration Guide  Performance and Tuning Guide  OAM - scans on DOL tables  Multiple temp databases  Technical support  Other sources of information  Sybase certifications on the Web  Sybase EBFs and software maintenance  Release Bulletin ASE 12.5.1 for HP Tru64 UNIX  Accessing current release bulletin information  Product summary  Installation kit  Server components  PC-client components  Operating system updates  Special installation instructions  Known installation issues  Job Scheduler templates scripts must be downloaded from Sybase CodeXchange Web site  InstallShield and incaccessible NFS mounted devices  Requirements for user path containing Java  Windows Exceed terminals display issue  JVM path installation issue  Special upgrade instructions  Change in versioning of SDK components  Adaptive Server 12.5.1 backward compatibility  Product and platform interoperability  New functionality in this version  sysconfig is not Section 508 compliant  PowerTransfer  HP Tru64 UNIX support for asynchronous I/O  SDK compatibility issues  Moving Open Client/Server applications to version 12.5.1  Notes for installing version 12.5.1 SDK  Known problems  Highlighted known LDAP-related problems  Blank spaces in an ldap server entry  langinstall and charset utilities do not support LDAP  Component Integration Services connection fails using SSL  alter table and triggers with if update() clauses  Truncation error using select with power() function and numeric argument  Highlighted known ASE Replicator problems  Subscription status incorrect after abnormal shutdown  No errors with invalid database connection name  Incorrect error message with invalid database connection name  Incorrect error message with invalid subscription name  Statistics not returned by some commands  UNIX permission problems with RUN script creation  Publishing multiple tables with the same name not supported  Some nested quotes not allowed  Java object replication not supported  Some commands fail on case-insensitive servers  Some messages returned incorrectly on UTF-8 servers  Roman-8 character set issues  Java out-of-memory problems  Highlighted known XML problems  Use of XPath queries contain wild cards that fetch an attribute  Cross platform bcp of parsed XML images  XML samples: jcs.jar and sqlx.jar interplay issues  New reserved words  Default values not always set correctly in the Job Scheduler templete creation wizard  SQL derived tables cannot have unnamed columns  Reconfiguring from utf8 with external sort order  InstallShield cannot find a valid JVM  Versions strings for Open Client/Server are not correct  Backup Server sybmultbuf mismatch error  Queries containing a select statement with a group by statement  Job Scheduler Agent cannot terminate a job on request  Job timeout in Job Scheduler not currently available  XML identifiers that cannot be used as element names  sybmigrate error messages  XA might hang when used with Open Client/Server  Enhanced Full-Text Search installation  Errors in queries with derived tables  SQL Advantage queries hanging  Views must have defined column names  Migrating between single-byte and multibyte charactersets  Migration of stored procedures  cis connect timeout and enable SNMP do not work  XP Server returns incorrect results  Network license daemon support  bcp and abstract data types  Referencing Java data in a nonrecovered database  Configuring connectivity for clients accessing wide data  dbcc checkalloc errors after upgrade  Upgrading check constraints  Handling multibyte character sets during migration  Adaptive Server plug-in default character set and language  Emulated instructions warning  Dynamic and host variables not allowed in DDL statements  Product compatibilities  Replication Server compatibility  Documentation updates and clarifications  Utility Guide  dataserver clarification  ddlgen update  Omission from sybmigrate  Utilities moved  bcp clarification  Transact-SQL User’s Guide  Reference Manual: Building Blocks  @@verison_as_integer update  set_appcontext update  Reference Manual: Commands  dbcc check parameter  create index clarification  bcp reference page clafification  set command option explicit_transaction_require not supported  New set parameters proc_output_params and set proc_return_status  System Administration Guide  Performance and Tuning Guide  OAM - scans on DOL tables  Multiple temp databases  Technical support  Other sources of information  Sybase certifications on the Web  Sybase EBFs and software maintenance  Release Bulletin ASE 12.5.1 for IBM AIX  Accessing current release bulletin information  Product summary  Installation kit  Server components  PC-client components  Operating system updates  Special installation instructions  Known installation issues  Job Scheduler templates scripts must be downloaded from Sybase CodeXchange Web site  InstallShield and incaccessible NFS mounted devices  Special upgrade instructions  Change in versioning of SDK components  Adaptive Server 12.5.1 backward compatibility  Product and platform interoperability  New functionality in this version  sysconfig is not Section 508 compliant  PowerTransfer  SDK compatibility issues  Moving Open Client/Server applications to version 12.5.1  Notes for installing version 12.5.1 SDK  Known problems  Highlighted known LDAP-related problems  Blank spaces in an ldap server entry  langinstall and charset utilities do not support LDAP  alter table and triggers with if update() clauses  Truncation error using select with power() function and numeric argument  Highlighted known ASE Replicator problems  Subscription status incorrect after abnormal shutdown  No errors with invalid database connection name  Incorrect error message with invalid database connection name  Incorrect error message with invalid subscription name  Statistics not returned by some commands  UNIX permission problems with RUN script creation  Publishing multiple tables with the same name not supported  Some nested quotes not allowed  Java object replication not supported  Some commands fail on case-insensitive servers  Some messages returned incorrectly on UTF-8 servers  Roman-8 character set issues  Java out-of-memory problems  Highlighted known XML problems  Use of XPath queries contain wild cards that fetch an attribute  Cross platform bcp of parsed XML images  XML samples: jcs.jar and sqlx.jar interplay issues  New reserved words  Default values not always set correctly in the Job Scheduler templete creation wizard  SQL derived tables cannot have unnamed columns  Reconfiguring from utf8 with external sort order  License information for AIX 5.1  Versions strings for Open Client/Server are not correct  Backup Server sybmultbuf mismatch error  Queries containing a select statement with a group by statement  Job Scheduler Agent cannot terminate a job on request  Job timeout in Job Scheduler not currently available  XML identifiers that cannot be used as element names  sybmigrate error messages  XA might hang when used with Open Client/Server  Enhanced Full-Text Search installation  Errors in queries with derived tables  SQL Advantage queries hanging  Views must have defined column names  Migrating between single-byte and multibyte charactersets  Migration of stored procedures  cis connect timeout and enable SNMP do not work  XP Server returns incorrect results  Illegal statements  Network license daemon support  bcp and abstract data types  Referencing Java data in a nonrecovered database  Configuring connectivity for clients accessing wide data  Upgrading check constraints  Handling multibyte character sets during migration  Adaptive Server plug-in default character set and language  Dynamic and host variables not allowed in DDL statements  Product compatibilities  Replication Server compatibility  Documentation updates and clarifications  Utility Guide  dataserver clarification  ddlgen update  Omission from sybmigrate  Utilities moved  bcp clarification  Transact-SQL User’s Guide  Reference Manual: Building Blocks  @@verison_as_integer update  set_appcontext update  Reference Manual: Commands  dbcc check parameter  create index clarification  bcp reference page clafification  set command option explicit_transaction_require not supported  New set parameters proc_output_params and set proc_return_status  System Administration Guide  Performance and Tuning Guide  OAM - scans on DOL tables  Multiple temp databases  Technical support  Other sources of information  Sybase certifications on the Web  Sybase EBFs and software maintenance  Release Bulletin ASE 12.5.1 for IPF/HP-UX  Accessing current release bulletin information  Product summary  Installation kit  Server components  PC-client components  Operating system updates  Special installation instructions  Known installation issues  Installing with Developer’s Edition licenses  InstallShield and inaccessible NFS mounted devices  Special upgrade instructions  Adaptive Server 12.5.1 backward compatibility  Product and platform interoperability  New functionality in this version  sysconfig is not Section 508 compliant  PowerTransfer  Known problems  Sybase Central default character sets  License manager  alter table and triggers with if update() clauses  Truncation error using select with power() function and numeric argument  SQL derived tables cannot have unnamed columns  Reconfiguring from utf8 with external sort order  InstallShield failure  Queries containing a select statement with a group by statement  sybmigrate error messages  Errors in queries with derived tables  Starting dataserver manually or with RUN scripts causes Adaptive Server to hang  SQL Advantage queries hanging  Views must have defined column names  Migrating between single-byte and multibyte charactersets  Migration of stored procedures  cis connect timeout and enable SNMP do not work  XP Server returns incorrect results  Network license daemon support  bcp and abstract data types  Referencing Java data in a nonrecovered database  Using jConnect and Adaptive Server  Configuring connectivity for clients accessing wide data  Handling multibyte character sets during migration  Adaptive Server plug-in default character set and language  Dynamic and host variables not allowed in DDL statements  Product compatibilities  Documentation updates and clarifications  Utility Guide  dataserver clarification  ddlgen update  Omission from sybmigrate  Utilities moved  bcp clarification  Transact-SQL User’s Guide  Reference Manual: Building Blocks  @@verison_as_integer update  set_appcontext update  Reference Manual: Commands  dbcc check parameter  create index clarification  bcp reference page clarification  set command option explicit_transaction_require not supported  New set parameters proc_output_params and set proc_return_status  System Administration Guide  Performance and Tuning Guide  OAM - scans on DOL tables  Multiple temp databases  Technical support  Other sources of information  Sybase certifications on the Web  Sybase EBFs and software maintenance  Release Bulletin ASE 12.5.1 for Linux  Accessing current release bulletin information  Product summary  Installation kit  Server components  PC-client components  Operating system updates  Special installation instructions  Known installation issues  Job Scheduler templates scripts must be downloaded from Sybase CodeXchange Web site  InstallShield and incaccessible NFS mounted devices  Special upgrade instructions  Change in versioning of SDK components  Adaptive Server 12.5.1 backward compatibility  Product and platform interoperability  New functionality in this version  sysconfig is not Section 508 compliant  PowerTransfer  SDK compatibility issues  Moving Open Client/Server applications to version 12.5.1  Notes for installing version 12.5.1 SDK  Known problems  Reconfiguring from utf8 with external sort order  Highlighted known LDAP-related problems  Blank spaces in an ldap server entry  langinstall and charset utilities do not support LDAP  Component Integration Services connection fails using SSL  alter table and triggers with if update() clauses  Truncation error using select with power() function and numeric argument  Highlighted known ASE Replicator problems  Subscription status incorrect after abnormal shutdown  No errors with invalid database connection name  Incorrect error message with invalid database connection name  Incorrect error message with invalid subscription name  Statistics not returned by some commands  UNIX permission problems with RUN script creation  Publishing multiple tables with the same name not supported  Some nested quotes not allowed  Java object replication not supported  Some commands fail on case-insensitive servers  Some messages returned incorrectly on UTF-8 servers  Roman-8 character set issues  Java out-of-memory problems  Highlighted known XML problems  Use of XPath queries contain wild cards that fetch an attribute  Cross platform bcp of parsed XML images  XML samples: jcs.jar and sqlx.jar interplay issues  New reserved words  Default values not always set correctly in the Job Scheduler templete creation wizard  SQL derived tables cannot have unnamed columns  Versions strings for Open Client/Server are not correct  Backup Server sybmultbuf mismatch error  Queries containing a select statement with a group by statement  Job Scheduler Agent cannot terminate a job on request  Job timeout in Job Scheduler not currently available  XML identifiers that cannot be used as element names  sybmigrate error messages  XA might hang when used with Open Client/Server  Enhanced Full-Text Search installation  Errors in queries with derived tables  dump database hangs  SQL Advantage queries hanging  Views must have defined column names  Migrating between single-byte and multibyte charactersets  Migration of stored procedures  cis connect timeout and enable SNMP do not work  XP Server returns incorrect results  Network license daemon support  bcp and abstract data types  Referencing Java data in a nonrecovered database  Configuring connectivity for clients accessing wide data  dbcc checkalloc errors after upgrade  Upgrading check constraints  Handling multibyte character sets during migration  Adaptive Server plug-in default character set and language  Dynamic and host variables not allowed in DDL statements  Product compatibilities  Replication Server compatibility  Documentation updates and clarifications  Utility Guide  dataserver clarification  ddlgen update  Omission from sybmigrate  Utilities moved  bcp clarification  Transact-SQL User’s Guide  Reference Manual: Building Blocks  @@verison_as_integer update  set_appcontext update  Reference Manual: Commands  dbcc check parameter  create index clarification  bcp reference page clafification  set command option explicit_transaction_require not supported  New set parameters proc_output_params and set proc_return_status  System Administration Guide  Performance and Tuning Guide  OAM - scans on DOL tables  Multiple temp databases  Technical support  Other sources of information  Sybase certifications on the Web  Sybase EBFs and software maintenance  Release Bulletin ASE 12.5.1 for Linux - Itanium  Accessing current release bulletin information  Product summary  Installation kit  Server components  PC-client components  Operating system updates  Special installation instructions  Known installation issues  Installing with Developer’s Edition licenses  InstallShield and inaccessible NFS mounted devices  Special upgrade instructions  Adaptive Server 12.5.1 backward compatibility  Product and platform interoperability  New functionality in this version  sysconfig is not Section 508 compliant  PowerTransfer  SDK compatibility issues  Notes for installing version 12.5.1 SDK  Known problems  Reconfiguring from utf8 with external sort order  Server configuration utilities  srvbuild utility too small to reveal buttons  Using srvbuild to create servers on raw devices  Display variable set for Solaris  Display variable set for Exceed TM X  alter table and triggers with if update() clauses  Truncation error using select with power() function and numeric argument  SQL derived tables cannot have unnamed columns  Queries containing a select statement with a group by statement  sybmigrate error messages  Errors in queries with derived tables  dump database hangs  SQL Advantage queries hanging  Views must have defined column names  Migrating between single-byte and multibyte character sets  Migration of stored procedures  cis connect timeout and enable SNMP do not work  XP Server returns incorrect results  Network license daemon support  bcp and abstract data types  Referencing Java data in a nonrecovered database  Configuring connectivity for clients accessing wide data  Handling multibyte character sets during migration  Adaptive Server plug-in default character set and language  Dynamic and host variables not allowed in DDL statements  Product compatibilities  Documentation updates and clarifications  Utility Guide  dataserver clarification  ddlgen update  Omission from sybmigrate  Utilities moved  bcp clarification  Transact-SQL User’s Guide  Reference Manual: Building Blocks  @@verison_as_integer update  set_appcontext update  Reference Manual: Commands  dbcc check parameter  create index clarification  bcp reference page clarification  set command option explicit_transaction_require not supported  New set parameters proc_output_params and set proc_return_status  System Administration Guide  Performance and Tuning Guide  OAM - scans on DOL tables  Multiple temp databases  Technical support  Other sources of information  Sybase certifications on the Web  Sybase EBFs and software maintenance  Release Bulletin ASE 12.5.1 for Mac OS X 10.3  Accessing current release bulletin information  Product summary  Installation kit  Server components  PC-client components  Operating system updates  Special installation instructions  Special upgrade instructions  Upgrading from Jaguar to Panther  Product and platform interoperability  New functionality in this version  TCP_NODELAY is turned on by default  PowerTransfer  Known problems  Use of worker threads with multiple engines  alter table and triggers with if update() clauses  Truncation error using select with power() function and numeric argument  Highlighted known ASE Replicator problems  Subscription status incorrect after abnormal shutdown  No errors with invalid database connection name  Incorrect error message with invalid database connection name  Incorrect error message with invalid subscription name  Statistics not returned by some commands  UNIX permission problems with RUN script creation  Publishing multiple tables with the same name not supported  Some nested quotes not allowed  Java object replication not supported  Some commands fail on case-insensitive servers  Some messages returned incorrectly on UTF-8 servers  Roman-8 character set issues  Java out-of-memory problems  SQL derived tables cannot have unnamed columns  Reconfiguring from utf8 with external sort order  Queries containing a select statement with a group by statement  SybMigrate error messages  Errors in queries with derived tables  Views must have defined column names  Migrating between single-byte and multibyte charactersets  cis connect timeout and enable SNMP do not work  XP Server returns incorrect results  Network license daemon support  bcp and abstract data types  Referencing Java data in a nonrecovered database  Configuring connectivity for clients accessing wide data  Handling multibyte character sets during migration  Adaptive Server plug-in default character set and language  Dynamic and host variables not allowed in DDL statements  Product compatibilities  Replication Server compatibility  Documentation updates and clarifications  Utility Guide  dataserver clarification  ddlgen update  Omission from SybMigrate  Utilities moved  bcp clarification  Transact-SQL User’s Guide  Reference Manual: Building Blocks  @@version_as_integer update  set_appcontext update  Reference Manual: Commands  dbcc check parameter  create index clarification  bcp reference page clafification  set command option explicit_transaction_require not supported  New set parameters proc_output_params and set proc_return_status  System Administration Guide  Performance and Tuning Guide  OAM - scans on DOL tables  Multiple temp databases  Technical support  Other sources of information  Sybase certifications on the Web  Sybase EBFs and software maintenance  Release Bulletin ASE 12.5.1 for Silicon Graphics IRIX  Accessing current release bulletin information  Product summary  Installation kit  Server components  PC-client components  Operating system updates  Special installation instructions  Known installation issues  Job Scheduler templates scripts must be downloaded from Sybase CodeXchange Web site  InstallShield and incaccessible NFS mounted devices  Requirements for user path containing Java  JVM path installation issue  Special upgrade instructions  Change in versioning of SDK components  Adaptive Server 12.5.1 backward compatibility  Product and platform interoperability  New functionality in this version  sysconfig is not Section 508 compliant  PowerTransfer  SDK compatibility issues  Moving Open Client/Server applications to version 12.5.1  Notes for installing version 12.5.1 SDK  Known problems  Highlighted known LDAP-related problems  Blank spaces in an ldap server entry  langinstall and charset utilities do not support LDAP  Backup Server hangs when issuing an RPC to dump a database  alter table and triggers with if update() clauses  Truncation error using select with power() function and numeric argument  Highlighted known ASE Replicator problems  Subscription status incorrect after abnormal shutdown  No errors with invalid database connection name  Incorrect error message with invalid database connection name  Incorrect error message with invalid subscription name  Statistics not returned by some commands  UNIX permission problems with RUN script creation  Publishing multiple tables with the same name not supported  Some nested quotes not allowed  Java object replication not supported  Some commands fail on case-insensitive servers  Some messages returned incorrectly on UTF-8 servers  Roman-8 character set issues  Java out-of-memory problems  Highlighted known XML problems  Use of XPath queries contain wild cards that fetch an attribute  Cross platform bcp of parsed XML images  XML samples: jcs.jar and sqlx.jar interplay issues  New reserved words  Default values not always set correctly in the Job Scheduler templete creation wizard  SQL derived tables cannot have unnamed columns  Reconfiguring from utf8 with external sort order  InstallShield cannot find a valid JVM  Versions strings for Open Client/Server are not correct  Backup Server sybmultbuf mismatch error  Queries containing a select statement with a group by statement  Job Scheduler Agent cannot terminate a job on request  Job timeout in Job Scheduler not currently available  XML identifiers that cannot be used as element names  sybmigrate error messages  XA might hang when used with Open Client/Server  Enhanced Full-Text Search installation  Errors in queries with derived tables  SQL Advantage queries hanging  Views must have defined column names  Migrating between single-byte and multibyte charactersets  Migration of stored procedures  cis connect timeout and enable SNMP do not work  XP Server returns incorrect results  Network license daemon support  bcp and abstract data types  Referencing Java data in a nonrecovered database  Configuring connectivity for clients accessing wide data  Upgrading check constraints  Handling multibyte character sets during migration  Adaptive Server plug-in default character set and language  Dynamic and host variables not allowed in DDL statements  Product compatibilities  Replication Server compatibility  Documentation updates and clarifications  Utility Guide  dataserver clarification  ddlgen update  Omission from sybmigrate  Utilities moved  bcp clarification  Transact-SQL User’s Guide  Reference Manual: Building Blocks  @@verison_as_integer update  set_appcontext update  Reference Manual: Commands  dbcc check parameter  create index clarification  bcp reference page clafification  set command option explicit_transaction_require not supported  New set parameters proc_output_params and set proc_return_status  System Administration Guide  Performance and Tuning Guide  OAM - scans on DOL tables  Multiple temp databases  Technical support  Other sources of information  Sybase certifications on the Web  Sybase EBFs and software maintenance  Release Bulletin ASE 12.5.1 for Sun Solaris  Accessing current release bulletin information  Product summary  Installation kit  Server components  PC-client components  Operating system updates  Special installation instructions  Known installation issues  Job Scheduler templates scripts must be downloaded from Sybase CodeXchange Web site  InstallShield and incaccessible NFS mounted devices  Special upgrade instructions  Change in versioning of SDK components  Adaptive Server 12.5.1 backward compatibility  HA and upgrading files  Enhanced Full-Text Search Japanese environment setup  Product and platform interoperability  New functionality in this version  TCP_NODELAY is turned on by default  sysconfig is not Section 508 compliant  PowerTransfer  SDK compatibility issues  Moving Open Client/Server applications to version 12.5.1  Notes for installing version 12.5.1 SDK  Known problems  Highlighted known LDAP-related problems  Blank spaces in an ldap server entry  langinstall and charset utilities do not support LDAP  alter table and triggers with if update() clauses  Truncation error using select with power() function and numeric argument  Highlighted known ASE Replicator problems  Subscription status incorrect after abnormal shutdown  No errors with invalid database connection name  Incorrect error message with invalid database connection name  Incorrect error message with invalid subscription name  Statistics not returned by some commands  UNIX permission problems with RUN script creation  Publishing multiple tables with the same name not supported  Some nested quotes not allowed  Java object replication not supported  Some commands fail on case-insensitive servers  Some messages returned incorrectly on UTF-8 servers  Roman-8 character set issues  Java out-of-memory problems  Highlighted known XML problems  Use of XPath queries contain wild cards that fetch an attribute  Cross platform bcp of parsed XML images  XML samples: jcs.jar and sqlx.jar interplay issues  New reserved words  Default values not always set correctly in the Job Scheduler templete creation wizard  SQL derived tables cannot have unnamed columns  OpenClient SDK header files and libraries  Reconfiguring from utf8 with external sort order  Versions strings for Open Client/Server are not correct  Backup Server sybmultbuf mismatch error  Queries containing a select statement with a group by statement  Job Scheduler Agent cannot terminate a job on request  Job timeout in Job Scheduler not currently available  XML identifiers that cannot be used as element names  sybmigrate error messages  XA might hang when used with Open Client/Server  Enhanced Full-Text Search installation  Errors in queries with derived tables  SQL Advantage queries hanging  Views must have defined column names  Migrating between single-byte and multibyte charactersets  Migration of stored procedures  cis connect timeout and enable SNMP do not work  XP Server returns incorrect results  Network license daemon support  bcp and abstract data types  Referencing Java data in a nonrecovered database  Configuring connectivity for clients accessing wide data  Upgrading check constraints  Handling multibyte character sets during migration  Adaptive Server plug-in default character set and language  Dynamic and host variables not allowed in DDL statements  Product compatibilities  Replication Server compatibility  Documentation updates and clarifications  Utility Guide  dataserver clarification  ddlgen update  Omission from sybmigrate  Utilities moved  bcp clarification  Transact-SQL User’s Guide  Reference Manual: Building Blocks  @@verison_as_integer update  set_appcontext update  Reference Manual: Commands  dbcc check parameter  create index clarification  bcp reference page clafification  set command option explicit_transaction_require not supported  New set parameters proc_output_params and set proc_return_status  System Administration Guide  Performance and Tuning Guide  OAM - scans on DOL tables  Multiple temp databases  Technical support  Other sources of information  Sybase certifications on the Web  Sybase EBFs and software maintenance  Release Bulletin ASE 12.5.1 for Sun Solaris x86  Accessing current release bulletin information  Product summary  Installation kit  Server components  PC-client components  Operating system updates  Special installation instructions  Known installation issues  InstallShield and incaccessible NFS mounted devices  Product and platform interoperability  New functionality in this version  TCP_NODELAY is turned on by default  sysconfig is not Section 508 compliant  PowerTransfer  SDK support  OpenClient SDK header files and libraries  Known problems  alter table and triggers with if update() clauses  Truncation error using select with power() function and numeric argument  SQL derived tables cannot have unnamed columns  Reconfiguring from utf8 with external sort order  Queries containing a select statement with a group by statement  Errors in queries with derived tables  SQL Advantage queries hanging  Views must have defined column names  cis connect timeout and enable SNMP do not work  XP Server returns incorrect results  bcp and abstract data types  Handling multibyte character sets during migration  Adaptive Server plug-in default character set and language  Dynamic and host variables not allowed in DDL statements  Documentation updates and clarifications  Utility Guide  dataserver clarification  ddlgen update  Omission from sybmigrate  Utilities moved  bcp clarification  Transact-SQL User’s Guide  Reference Manual: Building Blocks  @@verison_as_integer update  set_appcontext update  Reference Manual: Commands  dbcc check parameter  create index clarification  bcp reference page clafification  set command option explicit_transaction_require not supported  New set parameters proc_output_params and set proc_return_status  System Administration Guide  Performance and Tuning Guide  OAM - scans on DOL tables  Multiple temp databases  Technical support  Other sources of information  Sybase certifications on the Web  Sybase EBFs and software maintenance  Release Bulletin ASE 12.5.1 for Windows  Accessing current release bulletin information  Product summary  Installation kit  Server components  PC-client components  Operating system updates  Special installation instructions  Known installation issues  Job Scheduler templates scripts must be downloaded from Sybase CodeXchange Web site  InstallShield and incaccessible NFS mounted devices  Using Adaptive Server with MTS and DTC  Special upgrade instructions  Change in versioning of SDK components  Adaptive Server 12.5.1 backward compatibility  Product and platform interoperability  New functionality in this version  Third-party backup required for Enhanced Full-Text Search  sysconfig is not Section 508 compliant  PowerTransfer  SDK compatibility issues  Moving Open Client/Server applications to version 12.5.1  Notes for installing version 12.5.1 SDK  Known problems  Highlighted known LDAP-related problems  Blank spaces in an ldap server entry  langinstall and charset utilities do not support LDAP  alter table and triggers with if update() clauses  Truncation error using select with power() function and numeric argument  Highlighted known ASE Replicator problems  Subscription status incorrect after abnormal shutdown  No errors with invalid database connection name  Incorrect error message with invalid database connection name  Incorrect error message with invalid subscription name  Statistics not returned by some commands  UNIX permission problems with RUN script creation  Publishing multiple tables with the same name not supported  Some nested quotes not allowed  Java object replication not supported  Some commands fail on case-insensitive servers  Some messages returned incorrectly on UTF-8 servers  Roman-8 character set issues  Java out-of-memory problems  Highlighted known XML problems  Use of XPath queries contain wild cards that fetch an attribute  Cross platform bcp of parsed XML images  XML samples: jcs.jar and sqlx.jar interplay issues  New reserved words  Starting EJB Server  Default values not always set correctly in the Job Scheduler templete creation wizard  SQL derived tables cannot have unnamed columns  Reconfiguring from utf8 with external sort order  Installation from setup.exe on Pentium III  Versions strings for Open Client/Server are not correct  SYBASE.bat uses wrong separator  Backup Server sybmultbuf mismatch error  Log files not created at start-up on Windows  Queries containing a select statement with a group by statement  Job Scheduler Agent cannot terminate a job on request  Job timeout in Job Scheduler not currently available  XML identifiers that cannot be used as element names  sybmigrate error messages  Sybase Central JavaHelp  XA might hang when used with Open Client/Server  Enhanced Full-Text Search installation  Errors in queries with derived tables  SQL Advantage queries hanging  Views must have defined column names  Migrating between single-byte and multibyte charactersets  Migration of stored procedures  cis connect timeout and enable SNMP do not work  XP Server returns incorrect results  Network license daemon support  bcp and abstract data types  Referencing Java data in a nonrecovered database  Configuring connectivity for clients accessing wide data  dbcc checkalloc errors after upgrade  Upgrading check constraints  Specifying default directory services  Handling multibyte character sets during migration  Adaptive Server plug-in default character set and language  Dynamic configuration in Adaptive Server and Performance Monitor  Dynamic and host variables not allowed in DDL statements  Product compatibilities  Replication Server compatibility  Documentation updates and clarifications  Utility Guide  dataserver clarification  ddlgen update  Omission from sybmigrate  Utilities moved  bcp clarification  Transact-SQL User’s Guide  Reference Manual: Building Blocks  @@verison_as_integer update  set_appcontext update  Reference Manual: Commands  dbcc check parameter  create index clarification  bcp reference page clafification  set command option explicit_transaction_require not supported  New set parameters proc_output_params and set proc_return_status  System Administration Guide  Performance and Tuning Guide  OAM - scans on DOL tables  Multiple temp databases  Technical support  Other sources of information  Sybase certifications on the Web  Sybase EBFs and software maintenance  Installation and Release Bulletin ASE Real Time Services Option 12.5.1 for Windows and UNIX  Accessing current release bulletin information  Product summary  What is ASE Enterprise Edition Real Time Services Option?  Version contents  Installation instructions  Post-installation tasks for Windows  Post-installation tasks for UNIX  Configuration instructions  Troubleshooting  Technical support  Other sources of information  Sybase certifications on the Web  Sybase EBFs and software maintenance  Installation Guide for HP-UX  About this book  Overview  Product components  Adaptive Server Enterprise  Backup Server  Stored procedures  The client  Adaptive Server editions  Enterprise Edition  Small Business Edition  Developer’s Edition  Adaptive Server specifications  Product descriptions and directory layout  PC-client product descriptions and directory layout  Separately installable PC-Clinet products  Installing Adaptive Server  Overview  System requirements  Pre-installation tasks  Installing server components  Installation methods  Installing components with InstallShield in GUI mode  Sybase Software Asset Manager (SySAM)  SySAM LicenseManager scripts  Installing Adaptive Server version 12.5.1 over an existing version 12.5.x  Determining Adaptive Server version  Backing up Adaptive Server  Installing the Adaptive Server version 12.5.1 binary overlay  Backward compatibility with previous Adaptive Server 12.5.x versions  XML Services in Adaptive Server version 12.5.1  Post-Installation Tasks  Verifying that servers are running  Verifying that you can connect to servers  Connecting to Adaptive Server via Sybase Central  Setting the System Administrator password  Installing sample databases  Default devices for sample databases  interpubs database  jpubs database  Maintaining the sample databases  Installing Sybase PC-Client Products  Overview  Before you install the PC-client products  Installing PC-client products  Installing PowerDesigner, PowerTransfer, and InfoMaker  Configuring network connections for client products  Configuring libtcl.cfg for LDAP  Adding a server to the sql.ini file  Testing the Sybase Central installation  Upgrading Adaptive Server  Overview of the upgrade process  System catalog changes during upgrade  Pre-upgrade tasks  Checking system and upgrade requirements  Checking RUN_server file location  Procedure text is required for upgrade  Reserved words  Running a reserved word check  Addressing reserved words conflicts  Using quoted identifiers  Preparing the database and devices for the upgrade  Create a sybsystemdb database  sybsystemprocs  Upgrading to Adaptive Server 12.5.x  Using sqlupgrade  Using sqlupgraderes  Resource file attributes for upgrading Adaptive Server  Upgrading using sqlupgraderes  Post-upgrade tasks  Upgrading Backup Server, Monitor Server, and XP Server  Migrating from 32-bit to 64-bit versions  Recovering from a failed upgrade  Troubleshooting  Overview  Error log locations  For installation utilities  For Sybase servers  Solutions to common installation problems  Unable to use X-Windows  Fatal error: cannot map libct.so  Cannot eject the CD from the drive  DISPLAY environment variable not set correctly  Client not authorized to connect to server  Address already in use  Adaptive Server fails to start  InstallShield fails to start  Cannot start XP Server  Stopping Adaptive Server after a failure  Recovering from a failed installation  If installation fails after files are created  Troubleshooting resource file installations  Recovering from a failed upgrade  Restoring from backup  Re-running the upgrade  Recording the upgrade manually  If the cause of the failure is known  If the cause of the failure is unknown  Troubleshooting SySAM  Fixing license certificate input errors  Upgrading compiled objects with dbcc upgrade_object  Finding compiled object errors before production  Reserved word errors  Missing, truncated, or corrupted source text  Quoted identifier errors  Temporary table references  select * potential problem areas  Using dbcc upgrade_object  Increasing the log segment size  Error reporting  Using database dumps in upgrades  Upgrading using dump and load  Upgrading compiled objects in database dumps  Determining whether a compiled object has been upgraded  Removing Adaptive Server  Uninstalling Adaptive Server 12.5.1  Removing an existing Adaptive Server  Alternative Installation Methods  Installation on consoles (no-GUI mode)  Silent installation  Configuration using resource files  Configuring from a resource file  Editing a sample resource file  Editing a resource file created by srvbuild  Resource file attributes for Adaptive Server  Resource file attributes for Backup Server  Using srvbuildres  Upgrading Servers with Replicated Databases  Preparing to upgrade servers with replicated databases  Suspending transaction processing and replication activities  Draining the transaction logs for primary databases  Draining the RSSD transaction log  Disabling the secondary truncation point  Post-Upgrade Tasks  Restoring functionality in Adaptive Server  Reenabling Replication Server  Removing old log records  Reenabling replication  Restoring replication after upgrade  Reenabling auditing  Using sybsystemprocs  Increasing the size of the sybsystemprocs database  Increasing device and database capacity for system procedures  Installation Guide for HP Tru64 UNIX  About this book  Overview  Product components  Adaptive Server Enterprise  Backup Server  Stored procedures  The client  Adaptive Server editions  Enterprise Edition  Small Business Edition  Developer’s Edition  Adaptive Server specifications  Product descriptions and directory layout  PC-client product descriptions and directory layout  Separately installable PC-Clinet products  Installing Adaptive Server  Overview  System requirements  Pre-installation tasks  Installing server components  Installation methods  Installing components with InstallShield in GUI mode  Sybase Software Asset Manager (SySAM)  SySAM LicenseManager scripts  Installing Adaptive Server version 12.5.1 over an existing version 12.5.x  Determining Adaptive Server version  Backing up Adaptive Server  Installing the Adaptive Server version 12.5.1 binary overlay  Backward compatibility with previous Adaptive Server 12.5.x versions  XML Services in Adaptive Server version 12.5.1  Post-Installation Tasks  Verifying that servers are running  Verifying that you can connect to servers  Connecting to Adaptive Server via Sybase Central  Setting the System Administrator password  Installing sample databases  Default devices for sample databases  interpubs database  jpubs database  Maintaining the sample databases  Installing Sybase PC-Client Products  Overview  Before you install the PC-client products  Installing PC-client products  Installing PowerDesigner, PowerTransfer, and InfoMaker  Configuring network connections for client products  Configuring libtcl.cfg for LDAP  Adding a server to the sql.ini file  Testing the Sybase Central installation  Upgrading Adaptive Server  Overview of the upgrade process  System catalog changes during upgrade  Pre-upgrade tasks  Checking system and upgrade requirements  Checking RUN_server file location  Procedure text is required for upgrade  Reserved words  Running a reserved word check  Addressing reserved words conflicts  Using quoted identifiers  Preparing the database and devices for the upgrade  Create a sybsystemdb database  sybsystemprocs  Upgrading to Adaptive Server 12.5.x  Using sqlupgrade  Using sqlupgraderes  Resource file attributes for upgrading Adaptive Server  Upgrading using sqlupgraderes  Post-upgrade tasks  Upgrading Backup Server, Monitor Server, and XP Server  Migrating from 32-bit to 64-bit versions  Recovering from a failed upgrade  Troubleshooting  Overview  Error log locations  For installation utilities  For Sybase servers  Solutions to common installation problems  Unable to use X-Windows  Fatal error: cannot map libct.so  Cannot eject the CD from the drive  DISPLAY environment variable not set correctly  Client not authorized to connect to server  No such device; operation not supported  Address already in use  Adaptive Server fails to start  InstallShield fails to start  Cannot start XP Server  Stopping Adaptive Server after a failure  Recovering from a failed installation  If installation fails after files are created  Troubleshooting resource file installations  Recovering from a failed upgrade  Restoring from backup  Re-running the upgrade  Recording the upgrade manually  If the cause of the failure is known  If the cause of the failure is unknown  Troubleshooting SySAM  Fixing license certificate input errors  Upgrading compiled objects with dbcc upgrade_object  Finding compiled object errors before production  Reserved word errors  Missing, truncated, or corrupted source text  Quoted identifier errors  Temporary table references  select * potential problem areas  Using dbcc upgrade_object  Increasing the log segment size  Error reporting  Using database dumps in upgrades  Upgrading using dump and load  Upgrading compiled objects in database dumps  Determining whether a compiled object has been upgraded  Removing Adaptive Server  Uninstalling Adaptive Server 12.5.1  Removing an existing Adaptive Server  Alternative Installation Methods  Installation on consoles (no-GUI mode)  Silent installation  Configuration using resource files  Configuring from a resource file  Editing a sample resource file  Editing a resource file created by srvbuild  Resource file attributes for Adaptive Server  Resource file attributes for Backup Server  Using srvbuildres  Upgrading Servers with Replicated Databases  Preparing to upgrade servers with replicated databases  Suspending transaction processing and replication activities  Draining the transaction logs for primary databases  Draining the RSSD transaction log  Disabling the secondary truncation point  Post-Upgrade Tasks  Restoring functionality in Adaptive Server  Reenabling Replication Server  Removing old log records  Reenabling replication  Restoring replication after upgrade  Reenabling auditing  Using sybsystemprocs  Increasing the size of the sybsystemprocs database  Increasing device and database capacity for system procedures  Installation Guide for IBM AIX  About this book  Overview  Product components  Adaptive Server Enterprise  Backup Server  Stored procedures  The client  Adaptive Server editions  Enterprise Edition  Small Business Edition  Developer’s Edition  Adaptive Server specifications  Product descriptions and directory layout  PC-client product descriptions and directory layout  Separately installable PC-Clinet products  Installing Adaptive Server  Overview  System requirements  Pre-installation tasks  Installing server components  Installation methods  Installing components with InstallShield in GUI mode  Sybase Software Asset Manager (SySAM)  SySAM LicenseManager scripts  Installing Adaptive Server version 12.5.1 over an existing version 12.5.x  Determining Adaptive Server version  Backing up Adaptive Server  Installing the Adaptive Server version 12.5.1 binary overlay  Backward compatibility with previous Adaptive Server 12.5.x versions  XML Services in Adaptive Server version 12.5.1  Post-Installation Tasks  Verifying that servers are running  Verifying that you can connect to servers  Connecting to Adaptive Server via Sybase Central  Setting the System Administrator password  Installing sample databases  Default devices for sample databases  interpubs database  jpubs database  Maintaining the sample databases  Installing Sybase PC-Client Products  Overview  Before you install the PC-client products  Installing PC-client products  Installing PowerDesigner, PowerTransfer, and InfoMaker  Configuring network connections for client products  Configuring libtcl.cfg for LDAP  Adding a server to the sql.ini file  Testing the Sybase Central installation  Upgrading Adaptive Server  Overview of the upgrade process  System catalog changes during upgrade  Pre-upgrade tasks  Checking system and upgrade requirements  Checking RUN_server file location  Procedure text is required for upgrade  Reserved words  Running a reserved word check  Addressing reserved words conflicts  Using quoted identifiers  Preparing the database and devices for the upgrade  Create a sybsystemdb database  sybsystemprocs  Upgrading to Adaptive Server 12.5.x  Using sqlupgrade  Using sqlupgraderes  Resource file attributes for upgrading Adaptive Server  Upgrading using sqlupgraderes  Post-upgrade tasks  Upgrading Backup Server, Monitor Server, and XP Server  Moving to Adaptive Server 12.5.1 on AIX 5.1 64-bit  Moving from ASE 12.5.x 64-bit on AIX 5.1  Moving from ASE 12.5.x 64-bit on AIX 4.3.3  Upgrading from ASE 12.0.x 64-bit on AIX 4.3.3  Upgrade to Adaptive Server release 12.5.1 on a new machine running IBM AIX 5.1  Upgrade to ASE 12.5.1 on machine used by ASE 12.0.x server  Migrating from 32-bit to 64-bit versions  Recovering from a failed upgrade  Troubleshooting  Overview  Error log locations  For installation utilities  For Sybase servers  Solutions to common installation problems  Unable to use X-Windows  Fatal error: cannot map libct.so  Cannot eject the CD from the drive  DISPLAY environment variable not set correctly  Client not authorized to connect to server  Address already in use  Adaptive Server fails to start  InstallShield fails to start  Cannot start XP Server  Configuration failed  Stopping Adaptive Server after a failure  Recovering from a failed installation  If installation fails after files are created  Troubleshooting resource file installations  Recovering from a failed upgrade  Restoring from backup  Re-running the upgrade  Recording the upgrade manually  If the cause of the failure is known  If the cause of the failure is unknown  Troubleshooting SySAM  Fixing license certificate input errors  Upgrading compiled objects with dbcc upgrade_object  Finding compiled object errors before production  Reserved word errors  Missing, truncated, or corrupted source text  Quoted identifier errors  Temporary table references  select * potential problem areas  Using dbcc upgrade_object  Increasing the log segment size  Error reporting  Using database dumps in upgrades  Upgrading using dump and load  Upgrading compiled objects in database dumps  Determining whether a compiled object has been upgraded  Removing Adaptive Server  Uninstalling Adaptive Server 12.5.1  Removing an existing Adaptive Server  Alternative Installation Methods  Installation on consoles (no-GUI mode)  Silent installation  Configuration using resource files  Configuring from a resource file  Editing a sample resource file  Editing a resource file created by srvbuild  Resource file attributes for Adaptive Server  Resource file attributes for Backup Server  Using srvbuildres  Upgrading Servers with Replicated Databases  Preparing to upgrade servers with replicated databases  Suspending transaction processing and replication activities  Draining the transaction logs for primary databases  Draining the RSSD transaction log  Disabling the secondary truncation point  Post-Upgrade Tasks  Restoring functionality in Adaptive Server  Reenabling Replication Server  Removing old log records  Reenabling replication  Restoring replication after upgrade  Reenabling auditing  Using sybsystemprocs  Increasing the size of the sybsystemprocs database  Increasing device and database capacity for system procedures  Installation Guide for IPF/HP-UX  About this book  Overview  Product components  Adaptive Server Enterprise  Backup Server  Stored procedures  The client  Adaptive Server editions  Enterprise Edition  Small Business Edition  Developer’s Edition  Adaptive Server specifications  Product descriptions and directory layout  PC-client product descriptions and directory layout  Separately installable PC-Client products  Installing Adaptive Server  Overview  System requirements  Pre-installation tasks  Installing server components  Installation methods  Installing components with InstallShield in GUI mode  Sybase Software Asset Manager (SySAM)  SySAM LicenseManager scripts  Post-Installation Tasks  Verifying that servers are running  Verifying that you can connect to servers  Connecting to Adaptive Server via Sybase Central  Setting the System Administrator password  Installing sample databases  Default devices for sample databases  interpubs database  jpubs database  Maintaining the sample databases  Installing Sybase PC-Client Products  Overview  Before you install the PC-client products  Installing PC-client products  Installing PowerDesigner, PowerTransfer, and InfoMaker  Configuring network connections for client products  Adding a server to the sql.ini file  Testing the Sybase Central installation  Migrating from 32-bit to 64-bit versions of Adaptive Server  Migrating from 32-bit to 64-bit versions  Troubleshooting  Overview  Error log locations  For installation utilities  For Sybase servers  Solutions to common installation problems  Unable to use X-Windows  Cannot eject the CD from the drive  DISPLAY environment variable not set correctly  Client not authorized to connect to server  Address already in use  Adaptive Server fails to start  InstallShield fails to start  Cannot start XP Server  Stopping Adaptive Server after a failure  Recovering from a failed installation  If installation fails after files are created  Troubleshooting resource file installations  Troubleshooting SySAM  Fixing license certificate input errors  Removing Adaptive Server  Uninstalling Adaptive Server 12.5.1  Removing an existing Adaptive Server  Alternative Installation Methods  Installation on consoles (no-GUI mode)  Silent installation  Configuration using resource files  Configuring from a resource file  Editing a sample resource file  Editing a resource file created by srvbuild  Resource file attributes for Adaptive Server  Resource file attributes for Backup Server  Using srvbuildres  Using sybsystemprocs  Increasing the size of the sybsystemprocs database  Increasing device and database capacity for system procedures  Installation Guide for Linux  About this book  Overview  Product components  Adaptive Server Enterprise  Backup Server  Stored procedures  The client  Adaptive Server editions  Enterprise Edition  Small Business Edition  Developer’s Edition  Adaptive Server specifications  Product descriptions and directory layout  PC-client product descriptions and directory layout  Separately installable PC-Clinet products  Installing Adaptive Server  Overview  System requirements  Pre-installation tasks  Installing server components  Installation methods  Installing components with InstallShield in GUI mode  Sybase Software Asset Manager (SySAM)  SySAM LicenseManager scripts  Installing Adaptive Server version 12.5.1 over an existing version 12.5.x  Determining Adaptive Server version  Backing up Adaptive Server  Installing the Adaptive Server version 12.5.1 binary overlay  Backward compatibility with previous Adaptive Server 12.5.x versions  XML Services in Adaptive Server version 12.5.1  Post-Installation Tasks  Verifying that servers are running  Verifying that you can connect to servers  Connecting to Adaptive Server via Sybase Central  Setting the System Administrator password  Installing sample databases  Default devices for sample databases  interpubs database  jpubs database  Maintaining the sample databases  Installing Sybase PC-Client Products  Overview  Before you install the PC-client products  Installing PC-client products  Installing PowerDesigner, PowerTransfer, and InfoMaker  Configuring network connections for client products  Configuring libtcl.cfg for LDAP  Adding a server to the sql.ini file  Testing the Sybase Central installation  Upgrading Adaptive Server  Overview of the upgrade process  System catalog changes during upgrade  Pre-upgrade tasks  Checking system and upgrade requirements  Checking RUN_server file location  Procedure text is required for upgrade  Reserved words  Running a reserved word check  Addressing reserved words conflicts  Using quoted identifiers  Preparing the database and devices for the upgrade  Create a sybsystemdb database  sybsystemprocs  Upgrading to Adaptive Server 12.5.x  Using sqlupgrade  Using sqlupgraderes  Resource file attributes for upgrading Adaptive Server  Upgrading using sqlupgraderes  Post-upgrade tasks  Upgrading Backup Server, Monitor Server, and XP Server  Migrating from 32-bit to 64-bit versions  Recovering from a failed upgrade  Troubleshooting  Overview  Error log locations  For installation utilities  For Sybase servers  Solutions to common installation problems  Unable to use X-Windows  Cannot eject the CD from the drive  DISPLAY environment variable not set correctly  Client not authorized to connect to server  Address already in use  Adaptive Server fails to start  InstallShield fails to start  Cannot start XP Server  Stopping Adaptive Server after a failure  Recovering from a failed installation  If installation fails after files are created  Troubleshooting resource file installations  Recovering from a failed upgrade  Restoring from backup  Re-running the upgrade  Recording the upgrade manually  If the cause of the failure is known  If the cause of the failure is unknown  Troubleshooting SySAM  Fixing license certificate input errors  Upgrading compiled objects with dbcc upgrade_object  Finding compiled object errors before production  Reserved word errors  Missing, truncated, or corrupted source text  Quoted identifier errors  Temporary table references  select * potential problem areas  Using dbcc upgrade_object  Increasing the log segment size  Error reporting  Using database dumps in upgrades  Upgrading using dump and load  Upgrading compiled objects in database dumps  Determining whether a compiled object has been upgraded  Removing Adaptive Server  Uninstalling Adaptive Server 12.5.1  Removing an existing Adaptive Server  Alternative Installation Methods  Installation on consoles (no-GUI mode)  Silent installation  Configuration using resource files  Configuring from a resource file  Editing a sample resource file  Editing a resource file created by srvbuild  Resource file attributes for Adaptive Server  Resource file attributes for Backup Server  Using srvbuildres  Creating Raw Partitions  Overview  Creating the partitions  Red Hat Raw device administration  SuSE raw device administration  Accessing raw devices from Adaptive Sever  Upgrading Servers with Replicated Databases  Preparing to upgrade servers with replicated databases  Suspending transaction processing and replication activities  Draining the transaction logs for primary databases  Draining the RSSD transaction log  Disabling the secondary truncation point  Post-Upgrade Tasks  Restoring functionality in Adaptive Server  Reenabling Replication Server  Removing old log records  Reenabling replication  Restoring replication after upgrade  Reenabling auditing  Using sybsystemprocs  Increasing the size of the sybsystemprocs database  Increasing device and database capacity for system procedures  Backup Server tape device support  Backup Server tape device support  Installation Guide for Linux Itanium  About this book  Overview  Product components  Adaptive Server Enterprise  Backup Server  Stored procedures  The client  Adaptive Server editions  Enterprise Edition  Small Business Edition  Developer’s Edition  Adaptive Server specifications  Product descriptions and directory layout  PC-client product descriptions and directory layout  Separately installable PC-Client products  Installing Adaptive Server  Overview  System requirements  Pre-installation tasks  Installing server components  Installation methods  Installing components with InstallShield in GUI mode  Sybase Software Asset Manager (SySAM)  SySAM LicenseManager scripts  Post-Installation Tasks  Verifying that servers are running  Verifying that you can connect to servers  Connecting to Adaptive Server via Sybase Central  Setting the System Administrator password  Installing sample databases  Default devices for sample databases  interpubs database  jpubs database  Maintaining the sample databases  Installing Sybase PC-Client Products  Overview  Before you install the PC-client products  Installing PC-client products  Installing PowerDesigner, PowerTransfer, and InfoMaker  Configuring network connections for client products  Adding a server to the sql.ini file  Testing the Sybase Central installation  Migrating from 32-bit to 64-bit versions of Adaptive Server  Migrating from 32-bit to 64-bit versions  Troubleshooting  Overview  Error log locations  For installation utilities  For Sybase servers  Solutions to common installation problems  Unable to use X-Windows  Cannot eject the CD from the drive  DISPLAY environment variable not set correctly  Client not authorized to connect to server  Address already in use  Adaptive Server fails to start  InstallShield fails to start  Cannot start XP Server  Stopping Adaptive Server after a failure  Recovering from a failed installation  If installation fails after files are created  Troubleshooting resource file installations  Recovering from a failed upgrade  Restoring from backup  Re-running the upgrade  Recording the upgrade manually  If the cause of the failure is known  If the cause of the failure is unknown  Troubleshooting SySAM  Fixing license certificate input errors  Removing Adaptive Server  Uninstalling Adaptive Server 12.5.1  Removing an existing Adaptive Server  Alternative Installation Methods  Installation on consoles (no-GUI mode)  Silent installation  Configuration using resource files  Configuring from a resource file  Editing a sample resource file  Editing a resource file created by srvbuild  Resource file attributes for Adaptive Server  Resource file attributes for Backup Server  Using srvbuildres  Creating Raw Partitions  Overview  Creating the partitions  Red Hat Raw device administration  Accessing raw devices from Adaptive Sever  Using sybsystemprocs  Increasing the size of the sybsystemprocs database  Increasing device and database capacity for system procedures  Quick Installation Guide for Mac OS X 10.3  About this book  Installing Adaptive Server  What’s new in this release  Sybase preference pane  Adaptive Server administration plug-in  Enhanced Server Discovery  Open directory user authentication  Open Client framework  Sample Xcode application  Mac OS X 10.3  Panther kernel configuration  Sybase client tools package  New features for Adaptive Server Enterprise 12.5.1  Installation variables  System requirements  Downloading the software  Installing from the CD  Installation on Xserve  What’s in this release?  What’s not in this release?  Post-installation tasks  Entering license keys  Starting Sybase services automatically  Viewing servers that are running on your network  Starting and stopping Adaptive Server  Connecting to Adaptive Server via Sybase Central  Setting the System Administrator password  Re-initializing the Adaptive Server  Changing default character set, sort order or language  Changing the default character set and sort order  Changing the default language  Troubleshooting the installation  Uninstalling Sybase software  Further reading  Limitations  Installation Guide for Silicon Graphics IRIX  About this book  Overview  Product components  Adaptive Server Enterprise  Backup Server  Stored procedures  The client  Adaptive Server editions  Enterprise Edition  Small Business Edition  Developer’s Edition  Adaptive Server specifications  Product descriptions and directory layout  PC-client product descriptions and directory layout  Separately installable PC-Clinet products  Installing Adaptive Server  Overview  System requirements  Pre-installation tasks  Installing server components  Installation methods  Installing components with InstallShield in GUI mode  Sybase Software Asset Manager (SySAM)  SySAM LicenseManager scripts  Installing Adaptive Server version 12.5.1 over an existing version 12.5.x  Determining Adaptive Server version  Backing up Adaptive Server  Installing the Adaptive Server version 12.5.1 binary overlay  Backward compatibility with previous Adaptive Server 12.5.x versions  XML Services in Adaptive Server version 12.5.1  Post-Installation Tasks  Verifying that servers are running  Verifying that you can connect to servers  Connecting to Adaptive Server via Sybase Central  Setting the System Administrator password  Installing sample databases  Default devices for sample databases  interpubs database  jpubs database  Maintaining the sample databases  Installing Sybase PC-Client Products  Overview  Before you install the PC-client products  Installing PC-client products  Installing PowerDesigner, PowerTransfer, and InfoMaker  Configuring network connections for client products  Configuring libtcl.cfg for LDAP  Adding a server to the sql.ini file  Testing the Sybase Central installation  Upgrading Adaptive Server  Overview of the upgrade process  System catalog changes during upgrade  Pre-upgrade tasks  Checking system and upgrade requirements  Checking RUN_server file location  Procedure text is required for upgrade  Reserved words  Running a reserved word check  Addressing reserved words conflicts  Using quoted identifiers  Preparing the database and devices for the upgrade  Create a sybsystemdb database  sybsystemprocs  Upgrading to Adaptive Server 12.5.x  Using sqlupgrade  Using sqlupgraderes  Resource file attributes for upgrading Adaptive Server  Upgrading using sqlupgraderes  Post-upgrade tasks  Upgrading Backup Server, Monitor Server, and XP Server  Migrating from 32-bit to 64-bit versions  Recovering from a failed upgrade  Troubleshooting  Overview  Error log locations  For installation utilities  For Sybase servers  Solutions to common installation problems  Unable to use X-Windows  Fatal error: cannot map libct.so  Cannot eject the CD from the drive  DISPLAY environment variable not set correctly  Client not authorized to connect to server  Address already in use  Adaptive Server fails to start  InstallShield fails to start  Cannot start XP Server  Stopping Adaptive Server after a failure  Recovering from a failed installation  If installation fails after files are created  Troubleshooting resource file installations  Recovering from a failed upgrade  Restoring from backup  Re-running the upgrade  Recording the upgrade manually  If the cause of the failure is known  If the cause of the failure is unknown  Troubleshooting SySAM  Fixing license certificate input errors  Upgrading compiled objects with dbcc upgrade_object  Finding compiled object errors before production  Reserved word errors  Missing, truncated, or corrupted source text  Quoted identifier errors  Temporary table references  select * potential problem areas  Using dbcc upgrade_object  Increasing the log segment size  Error reporting  Using database dumps in upgrades  Upgrading using dump and load  Upgrading compiled objects in database dumps  Determining whether a compiled object has been upgraded  Removing Adaptive Server  Uninstalling Adaptive Server 12.5.1  Removing an existing Adaptive Server  Alternative Installation Methods  Installation on consoles (no-GUI mode)  Silent installation  Configuration using resource files  Configuring from a resource file  Editing a sample resource file  Editing a resource file created by srvbuild  Resource file attributes for Adaptive Server  Resource file attributes for Backup Server  Using srvbuildres  Upgrading Servers with Replicated Databases  Preparing to upgrade servers with replicated databases  Suspending transaction processing and replication activities  Draining the transaction logs for primary databases  Draining the RSSD transaction log  Disabling the secondary truncation point  Post-Upgrade Tasks  Restoring functionality in Adaptive Server  Reenabling Replication Server  Removing old log records  Reenabling replication  Restoring replication after upgrade  Reenabling auditing  Using sybsystemprocs  Increasing the size of the sybsystemprocs database  Increasing device and database capacity for system procedures  Installation Guide for Sun Solaris  About this book  Overview  Product components  Adaptive Server Enterprise  Backup Server  Stored procedures  The client  Adaptive Server editions  Enterprise Edition  Small Business Edition  Developer’s Edition  Adaptive Server specifications  Product descriptions and directory layout  PC-client product descriptions and directory layout  Separately installable PC-Clinet products  Installing Adaptive Server  Overview  System requirements  Pre-installation tasks  Installing server components  Installation methods  Installing components with InstallShield in GUI mode  Sybase Software Asset Manager (SySAM)  SySAM LicenseManager scripts  Installing Adaptive Server version 12.5.1 over an existing version 12.5.x  Determining Adaptive Server version  Backing up Adaptive Server  Installing the Adaptive Server version 12.5.1 binary overlay  Backward compatibility with previous Adaptive Server 12.5.x versions  XML Services in Adaptive Server version 12.5.1  Post-Installation Tasks  Verifying that servers are running  Verifying that you can connect to servers  Connecting to Adaptive Server via Sybase Central  Setting the System Administrator password  Installing sample databases  Default devices for sample databases  interpubs database  jpubs database  Maintaining the sample databases  Installing Sybase PC-Client Products  Overview  Before you install the PC-client products  Installing PC-client products  Installing PowerDesigner, PowerTransfer, and InfoMaker  Configuring network connections for client products  Configuring libtcl.cfg for LDAP  Adding a server to the sql.ini file  Testing the Sybase Central installation  Upgrading Adaptive Server  Overview of the upgrade process  System catalog changes during upgrade  Pre-upgrade tasks  Checking system and upgrade requirements  Checking RUN_server file location  Procedure text is required for upgrade  Reserved words  Running a reserved word check  Addressing reserved words conflicts  Using quoted identifiers  Preparing the database and devices for the upgrade  Create a sybsystemdb database  sybsystemprocs  Upgrading to Adaptive Server 12.5.x  Using sqlupgrade  Using sqlupgraderes  Resource file attributes for upgrading Adaptive Server  Upgrading using sqlupgraderes  Post-upgrade tasks  Upgrading Backup Server, Monitor Server, and XP Server  Migrating from 32-bit to 64-bit versions  Recovering from a failed upgrade  Troubleshooting  Overview  Error log locations  For installation utilities  For Sybase servers  Solutions to common installation problems  Unable to use X-Windows  Fatal error: cannot map libct.so  Cannot eject the CD from the drive  DISPLAY environment variable not set correctly  Client not authorized to connect to server  Address already in use  Adaptive Server fails to start  InstallShield fails to start  Cannot start XP Server  Configuration failed  Stopping Adaptive Server after a failure  Recovering from a failed installation  If installation fails after files are created  Troubleshooting resource file installations  Recovering from a failed upgrade  Restoring from backup  Re-running the upgrade  Recording the upgrade manually  If the cause of the failure is known  If the cause of the failure is unknown  Troubleshooting SySAM  Fixing license certificate input errors  Upgrading compiled objects with dbcc upgrade_object  Finding compiled object errors before production  Reserved word errors  Missing, truncated, or corrupted source text  Quoted identifier errors  Temporary table references  select * potential problem areas  Using dbcc upgrade_object  Increasing the log segment size  Error reporting  Using database dumps in upgrades  Upgrading using dump and load  Upgrading compiled objects in database dumps  Determining whether a compiled object has been upgraded  Removing Adaptive Server  Uninstalling Adaptive Server 12.5.1  Removing an existing Adaptive Server  Alternative Installation Methods  Installation on consoles (no-GUI mode)  Silent installation  Configuration using resource files  Configuring from a resource file  Editing a sample resource file  Editing a resource file created by srvbuild  Resource file attributes for Adaptive Server  Resource file attributes for Backup Server  Using srvbuildres  Upgrading Servers with Replicated Databases  Preparing to upgrade servers with replicated databases  Suspending transaction processing and replication activities  Draining the transaction logs for primary databases  Draining the RSSD transaction log  Disabling the secondary truncation point  Post-Upgrade Tasks  Restoring functionality in Adaptive Server  Reenabling Replication Server  Removing old log records  Reenabling replication  Restoring replication after upgrade  Reenabling auditing  Using sybsystemprocs  Increasing the size of the sybsystemprocs database  Increasing device and database capacity for system procedures  Installation Guide for Windows  About this book  Overview  Product components  Adaptive Server Enterprise  Backup Server  Stored procedures  The client  Adaptive Server editions  Enterprise Edition  Small Business Edition  Developer’s Edition  Adaptive Server specifications  Product descriptions and directory layout  PC-client product descriptions and directory layout  Separately installable PC-Clinet products  Installing Adaptive Server  Overview  System requirements  Pre-installation tasks  Installing server components  Installation methods  Installing components with InstallShield in GUI mode  Sybase Software Asset Manager (SySAM)  SySAM LicenseManager scripts  Installing Adaptive Server version 12.5.1 over an existing version 12.5.x  Determining Adaptive Server version  Backing up Adaptive Server  Installing the Adaptive Server version 12.5.1 binary overlay  Backward compatibility with previous Adaptive Server 12.5.x versions  XML Services in Adaptive Server version 12.5.1  Post-Installation Tasks  Verifying that servers are running  Verifying that you can connect to servers  Connecting to Adaptive Server via Sybase Central  Setting the System Administrator password  Installing sample databases  Default devices for sample databases  interpubs database  jpubs database  Maintaining the sample databases  Installing Sybase PC-Client Products  Overview  Before you install the PC-client products  Installing PC-client products  Installing PowerDesigner, PowerTransfer, and InfoMaker  Configuring network connections for client products  Configuring libtcl.cfg for LDAP  Adding a server to the sql.ini file  Testing the Sybase Central installation  Upgrading Adaptive Server  Overview of the upgrade process  System catalog changes during upgrade  Pre-upgrade tasks  Checking system and upgrade requirements  Note server and device names and locations  Procedure text is required for upgrade  Reserved words  Running a reserved word check  Addressing reserved words conflicts  Using quoted identifiers  Preparing the database and devices for the upgrade  Create a sybsystemdb database  sybsystemprocs  Upgrading to Adaptive Server 12.5.x  Upgrading the server  Testing the Adaptive Server upgrade  Post-upgrade tasks  Upgrading Backup Server, Monitor Server, and XP Server  Recovering from a failed upgrade  Troubleshooting  Overview  Error log locations  For installation utilities  For Sybase servers  Solutions to common installation problems  Fatal error: cannot map libct.so  Adaptive Server fails to start  InstallShield fails to start  Stopping Adaptive Server after a failure  Recovering from a failed installation  If installation fails after files are created  If Adaptive Server fails the pre-upgrade eligibility test  Recovering from a failed upgrade  Restoring from backup  Re-running the upgrade  Recording the upgrade manually  If the cause of the failure is known  If the cause of the failure is unknown  Troubleshooting SySAM  Fixing license certificate input errors  Upgrading compiled objects with dbcc upgrade_object  Finding compiled object errors before production  Reserved word errors  Missing, truncated, or corrupted source text  Quoted identifier errors  Temporary table references  select * potential problem areas  Using dbcc upgrade_object  Increasing the log segment size  Error reporting  Using database dumps in upgrades  Upgrading using dump and load  Upgrading compiled objects in database dumps  Determining whether a compiled object has been upgraded  Removing Adaptive Server  Uninstalling Adaptive Server 12.5.1  Removing an old server  Alternative Installation Methods  Installation on consoles (no-GUI mode)  Silent installation  Configuration using resource files  Configuring from a resource file  Editing a sample resource file  Resource file variables  Running the sybatch utility  Upgrading Servers with Replicated Databases  Preparing to upgrade servers with replicated databases  Suspending transaction processing and replication activities  Draining the transaction logs for primary databases  Draining the RSSD transaction log  Disabling the secondary truncation point  Post-Upgrade Tasks  Restoring functionality in Adaptive Server  Reenabling Replication Server  Removing old log records  Reenabling replication  Restoring replication after upgrade  Reenabling auditing  Using sybsystemprocs  Increasing the size of the sybsystemprocs database  Increasing device and database capacity for system procedures  Configuration Guide for UNIX  About this book  Introduction  About Adaptive Server  System-specific issues  System user roles  Environment variables  Adaptive Server devices and system databases  The master device  The sybsystemdb device  The sysprocsdev device  Optional devices and databases  dsync option on by default for database device files  Determining the location, type, and size of a database device  For Solaris, HP-UX, IBM AIX, and Linux  For HP Tru64 UNIX  For SGI  For all platforms  Client/server communication  Changing Adaptive Server configuration  Languages other than U.S. English  Adaptive Server specifications  Starting and Stopping Servers  Overview  Requirements for starting servers  Starting servers  Server start-up parameters  Changing start-up parameters  Using a RUN_server_name file  Using the startserver command  Using the monserver and backupserver commands  Starting servers when the operating system restarts  For HP Tru64 UNIX  For HP-UX  For IBM RS/6000  For SGI  For Sun Solaris and Linux  For Macintosh OS X  The boot sequence  BootROM  BootX  Kernel initialization  System initialization  The rc.boot and rc scripts  Start-up items  Sybase-provided StartupItems  Starting XP Server after initial installation  Stopping servers  Stopping Adaptive Server  Stopping Backup Server  Stopping Monitor Server  Using the kill command  Shutdown and shared memory files  Configuring the Operating System  Setting environment variables  Using the stty setting  Restoring correct permissions  File descriptors and user connections  For HP Tru64  For HP-UX  For AIX  For Linux  For Sun Solaris  For Silicon Graphics IRIX  For Macintosh OS X  Displaying current soft and hard limits  Increasing the soft limit  Increasing the hard limit  Sample program  Enabling asynchronous disk I/O  Adjusting the client connection timeout period  For HP Tru64  For HP-UX  For IBM RS/6000  For Sun Solaris  For Macintosh OS X  For Linux  Checking for hardware errors  For HP Tru64  For HP-UX  For IBM RS/6000  For SGI  For Sun Solaris  For Macintosh OS X  For Linux  Monitoring the use of operating system resources  For HP Tru64  For HP-UX  For IBM RS/6000  For Sun Solaris and Linux  For SGI  For Macintosh OS X  A sample C shell maintenance script  Addressable Memory Limits  Adaptive Server Default Configuration  Default settings  Setting Up Communications Across the Network  How Adaptive Server determines which directory service entry to use  How a client uses directory services  Creating a directory services entry  Supported directory drivers  Contents of an interfaces file  Heterogeneous and homogeneous environments  Understanding the format of the interfaces file  Components of an interfaces file entry  Creating a master interfaces file  Using dsedit or dscp to create a master interfaces file  Using a text editor to create a master interfaces file  Configuring interfaces files for multiple networks  Configuring the server for multiple network handlers  Sample interfaces files for multiple network handlers  Configuring the client connections  Using one network-independent DSQUERY name  Using different DSQUERY names  Configuring for query port backup  Troubleshooting  Server fails to start  Error when executing an ESP  Using the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol as a Directory Service  Performance  Migrating from the interfaces file to LDAP  Customizing Localization for Adaptive Server  Overview of localization support  Language modules  Default character sets for servers  Changing the default language and character set  Changing the default character set for servers  Supported character sets  Character set conversion  Conversions between server and client  Sort orders  Available sort orders  Language modules  Installing a new language module  Message languages  Localization  Localization directories  About the directory  About the charsets directory  About the locales.dat file  Format of locales.dat file entries  How client applications use locales.dat  Editing the locales.dat file  Changing the localization configuration  Adaptive Server localization  Backup Server localization  Configuring Adaptive Server for other character sets  Sort orders  Character sets  charset utility  Logging Error Messages and Events  Adaptive Server error logging  Enabling and disabling error logging  Setting error log paths  Setting the Adaptive Server error log path  Managing messages  Logging user-defined messages  New messages  Existing messages  Logging auditing events  Managing Adaptive Server Databases  Managing database devices  Device requirements  Creating .dat files for database devices  Adding Optional Functionality to Adaptive Server  Adding auditing  Audit system devices and databases  Overview of audit installation  Pre-installation tasks for auditing devices  Installing auditing  Installing online help for Transact-SQL syntax  Online syntax help: sp_syntax  Default device for the sybsyntax database  Installing sybsyntax  Managing Sybase Licenses for Adaptive Server: SySAM Overview  How SySAM works  Adaptive Server check-out procedure  Compatibility with other licensed products, on Silicon Graphics IRIX  Adaptive Server features licensed through SySAM  Starting Adaptive Server with optional features  Installation and configuration information for licensable features  Types of SySAM systems  SySAM in the network environment  Redundant servers  SySAM administration  Verify the license daemons are running  Starting the software manually  Starting SySAM as an automatic service  Adding feature licenses  Configuration Guide for Windows NT  About this book  Introduction  About Adaptive Server  System-specific issues  Definition of terms  User roles  Environment variables  Adaptive Server devices and system databases  The master device  The sybsystemdb device  The sysprocsdev device  Optional devices and databases  Client/server communication (the interfaces file)  Lightweight Directory Access Protocol  Changing Adaptive Server configuration  Support for high-availability products  Languages other than U.S. English  Starting and Stopping Servers  Overview  Requirements for starting servers  Starting servers  Server start-up parameters  Changing start-up parameters  Starting and stopping servers using Sybase Central  Starting and stopping servers using the Control Panel  Starting servers as an automatic service  Starting, stopping, and pausing servers manually  Stopping servers  Stopping Adaptive Server  Stopping Backup Server  Stopping Monitor Server  Monitoring servers  Sybase Central  The Control Panel  Default Adaptive Server Configuration  Starting Server Config for Adaptive Server  Configuring Adaptive Server  Setting Adaptive Server parameters  Changing the default Backup Server  Changing the default XP Server  Configuring Backup Server  Configuring Monitor Server  Supporting access to large memory  Network Communications Using sql.ini  How clients connect to Adaptive Server  How Adaptive Server listens for client connections  How a client accesses Adaptive Server  Enabling client access to a server  Changing the server entries in sql.ini  Components in the sql.ini file  Server name  Network driver  Service type  Server address  Address format  IP address  Named Pipes format  Windows Sockets format  NWLink IPX/SPX format  Sharing network configuration information  Creating a master sql.ini file  Using NT Registry as a directory service  Verifying server connections  Configuring ODBC connections  Configuring the ODBC driver  Lightweight Directory Access Protocol in Adaptive Server  Overview  LDAP directory services versus the Sybase interfaces file  The libtcl.cfg and libtcl64.cfg files  Enabling LDAP directory services  Adding a server to the directory services  Multiple directory services  Encrypting the password  Performance  Migrating from the sql.ini file to LDAP  Customizing Localization for Adaptive Server  Overview of localization support  Language modules  Default character sets for servers  Changing the default character set for servers  Supported character sets  Character set conversion  Conversions between server and client  Sort orders  Available sort orders  Language modules  Installing a new language module  Message languages  Localization  Localization directories  About the directory  About the charsets directory  About the locales.dat file  Format of locales.dat file entries  How client applications use locales.dat  Editing the locales.dat file  Changing the localization configuration  For Adaptive Server  For Backup Server  Configuring Adaptive Server for other character sets  Sort orders  Character sets  charset utility  Logging Error Messages and Events  Logging errors and events  Adaptive Server error logging  Enabling and disabling error logging  Types of information logged  NT event-logging  Setting up NT event-logging for use by Adaptive Server  Types of information logged  Managing the logs  Setting error log paths  Setting the Adaptive Server error log path  Setting the Backup Server error log path  Setting the Monitor Server error log path  Enabling and disabling NT event logging  Using Server Config  Using sp_configure  Managing messages  Logging user-defined messages  New messages  Existing messages  Logging auditing events  Logging user-defined events  Using a remote log  Using a central logging site  Logging messages from multiple Adaptive Servers  Setting up a local central logging site  To create and define a Registry key  Viewing the messages  In the NT event log  In the Adaptive Server error log  Using Security Services with NT LAN Manager  Security services with NT LAN Manager  How login authentication works  Administering security services using LAN Manager  Modifying configuration files for a unified login  Setting up drivers for network-based security  Entries for network drivers  Entries for Directory Services  Entries for security drivers  Checking the LAN Manager’s local name  Specifying security information for Adaptive Server  Identifying users and servers to LAN Manager  Configuring Adaptive Server for LAN Manager security  Enabling and disabling external security services  Managing unified login  Requiring unified login  Establishing a secure default login  Mapping LAN Manager login names to server names  Requiring data integrity check  Ensuring adequate memory for security services  Initiating the new security services  Adding logins to support unified login  General procedure for adding logins  Defining the connection to a server for security services  Specifying the principal name  Specifying network-based user authentication  Specifying the name assigned to LAN Manager  Determining the status of security services  Configuration parameters used in security services  Checking data integrity  Checking message sequence  Detecting interception or replay  Specifying a login  Controlling user authentication  Managing login security on an NT computer  Overview of security features  Adaptive Server security  Combined Adaptive Server and NT login security  Standard mode  Integrated mode  Mixed mode  Managing the login security features  Permitting trusted connections  NT Registry parameters  Administering login security using system procedures  Assigning trusted connection permissions  Displaying the current Registry values  Displaying permissions and user names  Revoking permissions granted with sp_grantlogin  Configuring login security  Create NT users and groups  Configure mapping and Default Domain values  Set login security mode  Add network login names to syslogins  Assign roles  Changing login security options  Using E-mail with Adaptive Server  Sybmail messages  Sending messages  Receiving messages  Preparing NT Mail for Sybmail  Connecting to a post office  Creating a mailbox for Adaptive Server  Creating a mail profile for Adaptive Server  Creating an Adaptive Server login for Sybmail  Sybmail and extended stored procedures  Managing a mail session  Starting a session  Starting Sybmail without parameters  Stopping a mail session  Stored and extended procedures for handling messages  Sending messages  Text messages  Query result messages  Receiving messages  Finding the next message  Reading a specific message  Deleting a message  Processing incoming mail  Using Sybmail security  Setting execution privileges  Setting the execution context  Naming both the user and the database  Naming the user but not the database  Naming the database but not the user  Naming neither the user nor the database  Managing Adaptive Server Databases  Managing database devices  Device requirements  Creating .dat files for database devices  Backing up and restoring data  Using a tape drive  NT tape drive names  Setting the maximum capacity for a tape drive  Using a hard disk  Dumping across a network  Examples of backing up and restoring databases  User databases  System databases  Optimizing Adaptive Server performance and tuning  Using dedicated Adaptive Server operation  Using disk drives  Monitoring disk usage  Monitoring Adaptive Server statistics with NT Performance Monitor  Adding Optional Functionality to Adaptive Server  Installing auditing  Audit system devices and databases  The sybsecurity device and database  Tables and devices for the audit trail  Device for syslogs systems table  Pre-installation tasks for auditing devices  Installing Auditing  Installing online help for Transact-SQL syntax  Online syntax help: sp_syntax  Default device for the sybsyntax database  Installing sybsyntax  Troubleshooting Network Connections  The dsedit Server Ping Utility  Running Server Ping  Troubleshooting connection failures  When a test fails  Using returned messages to diagnose a failure  Failure to connect to Adaptive Server  Failure to load Net-Library DLLs  Failure of other applications  Before calling Sybase Technical Support  Adaptive Server Registry Keys  ASE Replicator User's Guide  About this book  Introduction to ASE Replicator  Understanding replication concepts  Table replication  Stored procedure replication  Transaction replication  Guaranteed delivery  Understanding ASE Replicator  ASE Replicator components  ASE Replicator process  Distribution Database  Publisher component  Distributor component  ASE Replicator processing  ASE Replicator objects  Database connections  Publications and subscriptions  Articles  Fields  ASE Replicator limitations  Setting Up and Starting ASE Replicator  Setting up ASE Replicator  Configuring the primary Adaptive Server  Enabling and configuring CIS  Setting up the ASE Replicator system user  Defining a local name and remote alias for the primary Adaptive Server  Defining a remote server name for the ASE Replicator process  Configuring the tempdb database  Creating the Distribution Database  Configuring the replicate servers and databases  Identifying the remote server  Setting up a separate a Maintenance User login  Granting permissions in the replicate database  Initializing the ASE Replicator process  Running the aserep script the first time  Setting up the sp_helpddb system procedure  Starting ASE Replicator  Using the aserep script  Using the RUN script  Setting up a replication system  Administering ASE Replicator  Administering the ASE Replicator process  Configuring ASE Replicator  Shutting down the ASE Replicator process  Suspending replication  Resuming replication  Monitoring ASE Replicator  Managing database connections  Creating a database connection  Creating a primary database connection  Creating a replicate database connection  Deleting a database connection  Configuring a database connection  Suspending and resuming database connections  Suspending database connections  Resuming database connections  Getting information about database connections  Getting metadata and status information for connections  Getting statistics information for connections  Getting connection configuration information  Managing publications and subscriptions  Creating publications and subscriptions  Deleting publications and subscriptions  Suspending and resuming subscriptions  Getting information about publications and subscriptions  Getting metadata and status information for publications and subscriptions  Getting statistics information for subscriptions  Managing primary and replicate articles  Creating primary articles  Creating replicate articles  Deleting primary articles  Deleting replicate articles  Materializing and validating replicate articles  Getting information about primary articles  Getting metadata information for primary articles  Getting information about published fields in primary articles  Getting information about primary articles in publications  Getting information about unpublished objects  Getting information about primary articles with no subscribers  Getting information about replicate articles  Getting replicate article metadata information  Getting information about fields in replicate articles  Getting information about replicate articles in subscriptions  ASE Replicator configuration parameters  General configuration parameters  admin_port  ase_charset  ase_host  ase_port  batch_size  batch_timeout  ddb_name  log_directory  log_trace_verbose  log_wrap  monitor_delay  queue_size  scan_sleep_increment  scan_sleep_max  stat_trunc_interval  stat_write_timeout  status_monitoring  truncate_numops  Connection configuration parameters  gen_id  lti_version  mode  numrecs  queue_size  scan_sleep_increment  scan_sleep_max  timeout  ASE Replicator Procedures  sp_addprimaryart  sp_addprimaryconn  sp_addpub  sp_addreplicateart  sp_addreplicateconn  sp_addsub  sp_configprimaryconn  sp_configrep  sp_configreplicateconn  sp_dropprimaryart  sp_dropprimaryconn  sp_droppub  sp_dropreplicateart  sp_dropreplicateconn  sp_dropsub  sp_helpconn  sp_helplastcommit  sp_helplocator  sp_helpprimaryart  sp_helpprimaryconn  sp_helppub  sp_helprep  sp_helpreplicateart  sp_helpreplicateconn  sp_helpsub  sp_materializesub  sp_resumeprimaryconn  sp_resumerep  sp_resumereplicateconn  sp_resumesub  sp_shutdownrep  sp_suspendprimaryconn  sp_suspendrep  sp_suspendreplicateconn  sp_suspendsub  sp_tracerep  sp_validatesub  Troubleshooting ASE Replicator  Problems that prevent replication from starting  Primary server configuration problems  Remote server configuration problems  ASE Replicator configuration problems  User login or permission problems  Problems that cause ongoing replication to fail  Schema changes in primary or replicate tables  Altering a published primary object  Altering a replicate object  Datatypes, constraints, and column properties  Replicating approximate numeric datatypes  Replicating the value of the timestamp datatype  Replicating IDENTITY columns  Incompatible datatypes  Incompatible primary key constraints  Different null types  Distribution Database Schema  Distribution Database base objects  Distribution Database datatypes  Base tables in the Distribution Database  Distribution Database system table  Connections table  Connection properties table  Publications table  Primary articles table  Primary article fields table  Primary articles/publications relation table  Subscriptions table  Replicate articles table  Replicate article fields table  Transaction log table  Configuration table  Trace table  Statistics table  Base procedures in the Distribution Database  Distribution Database shadow tables  Shadow tables for primary tables without large objects  Shadow tables for primary tables with large objects  Shadow tables for primary procedures  Distribution Database replicate objects  Distribution procedures  Replicate article proxy tables  Glossary  Component Integration Services User's Guide  About this book  Introduction  Understanding Component Integration Services  Basic concepts  Access methods  Server classes  Object types  Interface to remote servers  Proxy tables  Using the create table command  Using the create existing table command  Datatype conversions  Example of remote table definition  Using the create proxy_table command  Remote procedures as proxy tables  Server limits  create new proxy table  create existing proxy table  create proxy_table  alter table  select, insert, delete, update  RPC handling  Cascading proxy tables  Proxy databases  User proxy databases  User proxy database schema synchronization  System proxy databases  System proxy database creation  Schema synchronization when current database has a system proxy database  Stored procedure execution within a system proxy database  Additional behavior of the system proxy database  File system access  Security considerations  Directory access  Recursion through subordinate directories  File access  Remote servers  Server class ASEnterprise  Server class ASAnywhere  Server class ASIQ  Server class db2  Server class direct_connect  Server class sds  Connection management  Connecting to remote servers without the interfaces file  LDAP directory services  Secure communication with SSL  Trusted roots files  Security issues  Remote server logins  Trusted mode  Connecting to Backup Server and XP Server  Mapping external logins  Remote server connection failover  Remote server capabilities  Query processing  Processing steps  Query parsing  Query normalization  Query preprocessing  Decision point  Component Integration Services plan generation  Adaptive Server optimization and plan generation  Component Integration Services remote location optimizer  Query execution  Distributed query optimization  Component Integration Services access methods  Query plan execution  create table  create existing table  alter table  create index command  drop table  drop index  truncate table  Passthrough mode  connect to  sp_autoconnect  sp_passthru  sp_remotesql  Quoted identifier support  auto identity option  Triggers  RPC handling and Component Integration Services  Site handler and outbound RPCs  Component Integration Services and outbound RPCs  Text parameters for RPCs  Text parameter support for XJS/390  Distributed Transaction Management  Server classes and ASTC  DTM-enabled servers  Pre-DTM servers  No-DTM servers  strict DTM enforcement  enable xact coordination  Enable Component Integration Services  Component Integration Services set commands  Transactional RPCs  Restrictions on transaction management  Using update statistics  Finding index names  Java in the database  @@textsize  @@stringsize  Constraints on Java class columns  Error messages  SQLJ in Adaptive Server Enterprise  Changes to Component Integration Services  Java abstract datatypes (ADTs)  Datatypes  Unicode support  create table  create existing table  create proxy_table  alter table  select, insert, update, and delete statements  Datatype conversions  text and image datatypes  Restrictions on text and image columns  Limits of @@textsize  Odd bytes padded  Converting text and image datatypes  Pattern matching with text data  Entering text and image values  readtext using bytes  text and image with bulk copy  Error logging  text and image data with server class ASEnterprise  text and image data with server class direct_connect (access_server)  db2 server issues  Row-level access control  select into  select into  Execute immediate  Configuration and tuning  Using sp_configure  sysconfigures table  Changing the configuration parameters  Component Integration Services configuration parameters  Global variables for status  SQL Reference  dbcc commands  dbcc options  Trace flags  Functions  Support for functions within Component Integration Services  Aggregate functions  Datatype conversion functions  Date functions  Mathematical functions  Security functions  String functions  System functions  Text and image functions  Transact-SQL commands  alter database  alter table  begin transaction  case  close  commit transaction  connect to...disconnect  create database  create existing table  create index  create proxy_table  create table  create trigger  deallocate cursor  declare cursor  delete  drop database  drop index  drop table  execute  fetch  insert  open  prepare transaction  readtext  rollback transaction  select  set  setuser  truncate table  update  update statistics  writetext  Tutorial  Getting started with Component Integration Services  Adding a remote server  Overview  Adding the remote server to the interfaces file  Creating server entries in system tables  Adding an alternate login and password  Verifying connectivity  Join between two remote tables  Overview  Adding the remote servers to the interfaces file  Defining the remote servers  Mapping the remote tables to Adaptive Server  Performing the join  Troubleshooting  Problems accessing Component Integration Services  Problems using Component Integration Services  Unable to access remote server  Requested server name not found  Driver call to connect two endpoints failed  Login failed  Unable to access remote object  Problem retrieving data from remote objects  Object is altered outside Component Integration Services  Index is added or dropped outside Component Integration Services  If you need help  EJB Server User's Guide  About this book  About EJB Server  About EJB Server  Features  The EJB Server execution engine  Component support  Server-side component support  Client stub/proxy support  Network protocol support  HTTP tunneling support  Administration and development tools  Client-session and component-lifecycle management  Naming services  Connection caching  Transaction management  Thread-safety features  Result-set support  Permissions and roles  PowerJ overview  Getting Started  Before you use EJB Server  Terminology and concepts  Terminology  Concepts  Developing an application  The EJB Server runtime environment  Basic tasks  Using the Adaptive Server plug-in to Sybase Central  Starting the Adaptive Server plug-in  Disconnecting from the Adaptive Server host  Enabling EJB Server  Disabling EJB Server  Starting EJB Server automatically  Starting EJB Server independently  Shutting down EJB Servers  Verifying the status of EJB Server  Enterprise JavaBeans Overview  About Enterprise JavaBean components  EJB component types  Stateful session Beans  Stateless session Beans  Entity Beans  EJB transaction attribute values  EJB container services  EJB support  Running EJB components in EJB Server  EJB clients connecting to EJB Server  Creating Component-Based Applications  Application architecture  Designing the application  Implementing components and clients  Deploying the application  Deploying components  Developing clients  Understanding Transactions and Component Lifecycles  Component lifecycles  The EJB Server transaction processing model  How EJB Server transactions work  Benefits of using EJB Server transactions  Defining transactional semantics  Example  Dynamic enlistment in Bean-managed transactions  Entity Bean local diamonds  OTS/XA transaction model  Working with EJB Packages and Components  Packages and Enterprise JavaBean components  Importing Enterprise JavaBeans  Installing components  Modifying components  Configuring component properties  General component properties  Transactions tab component properties  Instances tab component properties  Resources tab component properties  Persistence tab component properties  All Properties tab  Generating stubs and skeletons  Creating Enterprise JavaBeans  Modifying packages  Configuring package properties  Exporting packages to EJB-JAR files  Creating Enterprise JavaBean Clients  Developing an EJB client  Generating EJB stubs  Java packages  Compiling stubs  Instantiating home interface proxies  Obtaining an initial naming context  Resolving Bean home names  Instantiating remote interface proxies  Calling remote interface methods  Managing transactions  Serializing and deserializing Bean proxies  Managing Persistent Component State  Persistence for entity Java Beans  Using component-managed persistence  Using automatic persistence  Configure Persistence tab properties  Specify field to column mapping properties  Specify finder-method queries  Persistence for stateful components  Using Java serialization  Using automatic persistence  Storage components  Supported Java, IDL, and JDBC/SQL types  Table schema for binary storage  Developing Applications with PowerJ and EJB Server  About the development process  Creating workspaces, targets, and classes  Designing the user interface  Designing menus  Accessing data  Coding application logic  Building distributed and Web applications that use EJB Server  About EJB Server  Architecture of distributed and Web applications  Building EJB Server components with PowerJ  Implementing the component  Transaction management  Database access and result set management  Connection caching  Instance pooling  Building a Java client for a distributed or Web application  Compiling and deploying the Java client  Building client/server applications using JDBC  Building the application  Building Enterprise JavaBeans 1.1 components  Configuring EJB Server  Configuring an EJB Server  General  Log/Trace  Naming Service  Initial Context  Naming Server  Naming Server Strategy  All Properties  Configuring server stack size  Character sets  Shared-memory connections  Managing connection caches  Creating and installing a new connection cache  Modifying connection caches  Modifying connection cache properties  General  Advanced  Other cache settings  Connection cache refresh  Connection cache ping  Managing XA resources  Setting up XA resources  Creating XA resources  Configuring Listeners  Preconfigured listeners  Listener failover  Configuring listeners  Replacing an EJB Server  EJB Server Naming Services  How does the EJB Server naming service work?  EJB Server initial context  Name binding example  Transient vs. persistent storage  JNDI support  JNDI J2EE features  Environment properties  EJB references  Resource factory references  UserTransaction references  Configuring the EJB Server naming service  Name binding password security  Using an LDAP server with EJB Server  LDAP object schema and EJB Server objects  Storing EJB Server object bindings on an LDAP server  Enhanced Full-Text Search Specialty Data Store User's Guide  About this book  Introduction  Capabilities of the Enhanced Full-Text Search Engine  High availability  Understanding the Enhanced Full-Text Search Engine  Components of the Enhanced Full-Text Search engine  The source table  The Verity collections  Filters  The text_db database  The vesaux table  The vesauxcol table  The index table  The text_events table  Relationships between the components  How a full-text search works  Configuring Adaptive Server for Full-Text Searches  Configuring Adaptive Server for an Enhanced Full-Text Search engine  Enabling configuration parameters  Running the installtextserver script  Editing the installtextserver script  Starting the installtextserver script  Running the installmessages script  Running the installevent script  Editing the installevent script  Running the installevent script  Name the local Adaptive Server  Creating and maintaining text indexes  Setting up source tables for indexing  Adding an IDENTITY column to a source table  Adding a unique index to an IDENTITY column  Creating the text index and index table  Specifying multiple columns when creating a text index  Bringing the database online for full-text searches  Propagating changes to the text index  Replicating text indexes  Example: enabling a new database for text searches  Step 1. Verifing that the text_events table exists  Step 2. Checking for an IDENTITY column  Step 3. Creating a unique index on the IDENTITY column  Step 4. Creating the text index and index table  Step 5. Bringing the database online for a full-text search  Indexing the euro symbol  Setting Up Verity Functions  Enabling query-by-example, summarization, and clustering  Editing the master style.prm file  Editing individual style.prm files  Setting up a column to use as a sort specification  Using filters on text that contains tags  Creating a custom thesaurus  Examining the default thesaurus (optional)  Creating the control file  Control file syntax  Creating the thesaurus  Replacing the default thesaurus with the custom thesaurus  Creating topics  Creating an outline file  Creating a topic set directory  Creating a knowledge base map  Defining the location of the knowledge base map  Executing queries against defined topics  Troubleshooting topics  Writing Full-Text Search Queries  Components of a full-text search query  Default behaviour  Pseudo columns in the index table  Using the score column to relevance-rank search results  Using the sort_by column to specify a sort order  Using the summary column to summarize documents  Using pseudo columns to request clustered result sets  Preparing to use clustering  Writing queries requesting a clustered result set  Full-text search operators  Considerations when using Verity operators  Using the Verity operators  accrue  and, or  complement  in  like  near, near/n  or  phrase  paragraph  product  sentence  stem  sum  thesaurus  topic  typo/n  wildcard  word  yesno  Operator modifiers  System Administration  Starting the Enhanced Full-Text Search engine on UNIX  Creating the runserver file  Starting the Enhanced Full-Text Search engine on Windows NT  Starting the Enhanced Full-Text Search engine as a service  Shutting down the Enhanced Full-Text Search engine  Modifying the configuration parameters  Modifying configuration values  Available configuration parameters  Setting the default language  Setting the default character set  Indexing on the euro symbol  Setting the default sort order  Setting trace flags  Setting Open Server trace flags  Setting case sensitivity  Backup and recovery for the Enhanced Full-Text Search engine  Customizable backup and restore  Backing up Verity collections  Restoring collections and text indexes from backup  Performance and Tuning  Updating existing indexes  Increasing query performance  Limiting the number of rows  Ensuring the correct join order for queries  Reconfiguring Adaptive Server  cis cursor rows  cis packet size  Reconfiguring the Enhanced Full-Text Search engine  batch_size  min_sessions and max_sessions  Using sp_text_notify  Configuring multiple Enhanced Full-Text Search engines  Creating multiple Enhanced Full-Text Search engines at start-up  Adding Enhanced Full-Text Search engines  Configuring additional Enhanced Full-Text Search engines  Multiple users  File Descriptors and Enhanced Full-Text Search  Verity Topics  What are topics?  Topic organization  Weight assignments  Using a topic outline file  Making topics available  Setup process  Knowledge bases of topics  Combining topics into a knowledge base  Structure of topics  Top-level topics  Subtopics  Evidence topics  Topic and subtopic relationships  Maximum number of topics  Topic naming issues  Verity query language  Query language summary  Evidence operators  Proximity operators  Relational operators  Concept operators  Boolean operators  Modifiers  Operator precedence rules  Sample topic outlines  Operator reference  ACCRUE operator  ALL operator  AND operator  ANY operator  CONTAINS operator  ENDS operator  = (EQUALS) operator  FILTER operator  > (GREATER THAN) operator  >= (GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO) operator  < (LESS THAN) operator  <= (LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO) operator  IN operator  MATCHES operator  NEAR operator  NEAR/N operator  OR operator  PARAGRAPH operator  PHRASE operator  SENTENCE operator  SOUNDEX operator  STARTS operator  STEM operator  SUBSTRING operator  THESAURUS operator  TYPO/N operator  WILDCARD operator  Using wildcard special characters  Searching for nonalphanumeric characters  Searching for wildcard characters as literals  Searching for special characters as literals  WORD operator  Modifier reference  CASE modifier  MANY modifier  NOT modifier  ORDER modifier  Weights and document importance  Topic weights  Which operators accept weights  How weights affect importance  Assigning weights  Automatic weight assignments  Tips for assigning weights  Changing weights  Topic scoring and document importance  Designing topics  Preparing your topic design  Understanding your information needs  Understanding your documents  Using scanned data  Categorizing document samples  Topic design strategies  Top-down design  Bottom-up design  Designing the initial topic  Outlining a topic  Top-down topic outline example  Establishing an information hierarchy  Establishing individual search categories  Establishing the topics to be built  Bottom-up topic outline example  Identifying low-level topics  Categorizing related subtopics  Establishing top-level topics  System Procedures  sp_check_text_index  sp_clean_text_events  sp_clean_text_indexes  sp_create_text_index  sp_drop_text_index  sp_help_text_index  sp_optimize_text_index  sp_redo_text_events  sp_refresh_text_index  sp_show_text_online  sp_text_cluster  sp_text_configure  sp_text_dump_database  sp_text_kill  sp_text_load_index  sp_text_notify  sp_text_online  Sample Files  Default textsvr.cfg configuration file  The sample_text_main.sql script  Sample files illustrating Enhanced Full-Text Search engine features  Custom thesaurus  Topics  Clustering, summarization, and query-by-example  getsend sample program  Unicode Support  Glossary  Glossary  Historical Server User's Guide  About this book  Introduction  Description of Adaptive Server Enterprise Monitor  Adaptive Server Monitor components  Adaptive Server Monitor architecture  Adaptive Server Enterprise Monitor architecture  Historical Server concepts  Recording sessions  Playback sessions  Views  Data items and statistic types  Configuring Historical Server  Historical Server configuration concepts  The Historical Server control file and home directory  Accessing control file information  Do not edit the control file  The operating system start-up account  The Historical Server superuser account  Sybase Open Client/Server connections  Initial configuration on UNIX platforms  Assumptions on UNIX platforms  Configuration procedures on UNIX platforms  Initial configuration on Windows NT  Assumptions on Windows NT  Results of installation on Windows NT  Configuration procedures on Windows NT  Changing start-up parameters  Setting Historical Server start-up parameters  Function  Syntax  Parameters  Configuring multiple instances of Historical Server  When to create multiple instances of Historical Server  Configuring an additional Historical Server on UNIX platforms  Configuring an additional Historical Server on Windows NT  Adding start-up parameters to the NT Registry  Updating the NT Registry services list  Adding connectivity information for Historical Server  Configuring Historical Server client machines  Creating a .bat file (optional)  Starting and Stopping Historical Server  Starting and stopping Historical Server on UNIX platforms  Starting Historical Server on UNIX  Stopping Historical Server on UNIX  Who can shut down Historical Server  Determining current activity on Historical Server  Deferred versus immediate shutdown  Detailed shutdown procedures  Starting and stopping Historical Server on Windows NT  Starting Historical Server on Windows NT  Inferring start-up parameters from the NT Registry  Verifying that Historical Server is running  Stopping Historical Server on Windows NT  Who can shut down Historical Server on Windows NT  Determining current activity on Windows NT  Deferred versus immediate shutdown on Windows NT  Detailed shutdown procedures on Windows NT  Shutdown methods to avoid on Windows NT  Command Reference  Command summary  Command syntax  Command status and errors  Script files as input to Historical Server  Connecting to Historical Server  Assumptions before connection  How to connect  Required permissions for Historical Server activities  Mutually exclusive sessions  Starting and ending a recording session definition  Starting and ending a playback session  Historical Server commands  hs_create_alarm  hs_create_filter  hs_create_playback_session  hs_create_playback_view  hs_create_recording_session  hs_create_view  hs_delete_data  hs_initiate_playback  hs_initiate_recording  hs_list  hs_playback_sample  hs_shutdown  hs_status  hs_terminate_playback  hs_terminate_recording  Data Files  Overview of Historical Server data files  Description of Historical Server files  Permissions on files  General file format  Control file  Header record  Session control record  View control record  Data item control record  Alarm control record  Filter control record  Data file  Error message file  Script file  Script file table names  Script file table column names  Passing script file commands  Script use example  Bulk copy example  Example  Cut utility example  Data Items  Table of data items and definitions  Specifications for Defining Recording Session Views  Definition of key and result  Designing recording session views  Using the Process ID  Using the application name  Empty rows versus no rows in views  Table of valid key and result data item combinations  Examples of valid combinations  Examples of invalid combinations  Table of valid statistic types for data items  Specifications for Defining Playback Views  Summarization level details  Raw playback  Actual playback  Entire playback  Playback with user-defined intervals  Summary of summarization intervals  Designing playback views  Rules for specifying input sessions  Relationship of input views to playback views  Rules for defining views  Rules for defining raw playback views  Rules for defining non-raw playback views  Table of data item requirements for playback views  Additional information about some data items  Using “Timestamp”, “Timestamp Datim”, and “Elapsed Time”  Using Process ID  Using Procedure Elapsed Time and Procedure CPU Time  Examples of Recording Session Views  Cache performance summary  Database object lock status  Database object page I/O  Data cache activity for individual caches  Data cache statistics for recording session  Data cache statistics for sample interval  Device I/O for recording session  Device I/O for sample interval  Device I/O performance summary  Engine activity  Lock performance summary  Network activity for recording session  Network activity for sample interval  Network performance summary  Page I/O  Procedure cache statistics for recording session  Procedure cache statistics for sample interval  Procedure page I/O  Process activity  Process database object page I/O  Process detail for locks  Process detail page I/O  Process locks  Process page I/O  Process state summary  Process stored procedure page I/O  Server performance summary  Stored procedure activity  Transaction activity  Java in Adaptive Server Enterprise  About this book  An Introduction to Java in the Database  Advantages of Java in the database  Capabilities of Java in the database  Invoking Java methods in the database  Invoking Java methods directly in SQL  Invoking Java methods as SQLJ stored procedures and functions  Storing Java classes as datatypes  Storing and querying XML in the database  Standards  Java in the database: questions and answers  What are the key features?  How can I store Java instructions in the database?  How is Java executed in the database?  Client- and server-side JDBC  How can I use Java and SQL together?  What is the Java API?  How can I access the Java API from SQL?  Which Java classes are supported in the Java API?  Can I install my own Java classes?  Can I access data using Java?  Can I use the same classes on client and server?  How do I use Java classes in SQL?  Where can I find information about Java in the database?  What you cannot do with Java in the database  Sample Java classes  Preparing for and Maintaining Java in the Database  The Java runtime environment  Java classes in the database  Sybase runtime Java classes  User-defined Java classes  JDBC drivers  The Java VM  Configuring memory for Java in the database  Enabling the server for Java  Disabling the server for Java  Creating Java classes and JARs  Writing the Java code  Compiling Java code  Saving classes in a JAR file  Installing uncompressed JARs  Installing compressed JARs  Installing Java classes in the database  Using installjava  Retaining the JAR file  Updating installed classes  Referencing other Java-SQL classes  Viewing information about installed classes and JARs  Downloading installed classes and JARs  Removing classes and JARs  Retaining classes  Using Java Classes in SQL  General concepts  Java considerations  Java-SQL names  Using Java classes as datatypes  Creating and altering tables with Java-SQL columns  Altering partitioned tables  Selecting, inserting, updating, and deleting Java objects  Invoking Java methods in SQL  Sample methods  Exceptions in Java-SQL methods  Representing Java instances  Assignment properties of Java-SQL data items  Datatype mapping between Java and SQL fields  Character sets for data and identifiers  Subtypes in Java-SQL data  Widening conversions  Narrowing conversions  Runtime versus compile-time datatypes  The treatment of nulls in Java-SQL data  References to fields and methods of null instances  Null values as arguments to Java-SQL methods  Null values when using the SQL convert function  Java-SQL string data  Zero-length strings  Type and void methods  Java void instance methods  Java void static methods  Equality and ordering operations  Evaluation order and Java method calls  Columns  Variables and parameters  Static variables in Java-SQL classes  Java classes in multiple databases  Scope  Cross-database references  Inter-class transfers  Passing inter-class arguments  Temporary and work databases  Java classes  Data Access Using JDBC  Overview  JDBC concepts and terminology  Differences between client- and server-side JDBC  Permissions  Using JDBC to access data  Overview of the JDBCExamples class  The main( ) and serverMain( ) methods  Using main( )  Using serverMain( )  Obtaining a JDBC connection: the Connecter( ) method  Routing the action to other methods: the doAction( ) method  Executing imperative SQL operations: the doSQL( ) method  Executing an update statement: the UpdateAction( ) method  Executing a select statement: the selectAction( ) method  Calling a SQL stored procedure: the callAction( ) method  Error handling in the native JDBC driver  The JDBCExamples class  The main( ) method  The internalMain( ) method  The connecter( ) method  The doAction( ) method  The doSQL( ) method  The updateAction( ) method  The selectAction( ) method  The callAction( ) method  SQLJ Functions and Stored Procedures  Overview  Compliance with SQLJ Part 1 specifications  General issues  Security and permissions  SQLJExamples  Invoking Java methods in Adaptive Server  Using Sybase Central to manage SQLJ functions and procedures  SQLJ user-defined functions  Handling null argument values  Handling nulls when creating the function  Handling nulls in the function call  Deleting a SQLJ function name  SQLJ stored procedures  Modifying SQL data  Using input and output parameters  Returning result sets  Deleting a SQLJ stored procedure name  Viewing information about SQLJ functions and procedures  Advanced topics  Mapping Java and SQL datatypes  Using the command main method  SQLJ and Sybase implementation: a comparison  SQLJExamples class  Debugging Java in the Database  Introduction to debugging Java  How the debugger works  Requirements for using the Java debugger  What you can do with the debugger  Using the debugger  Starting the debugger and connecting to the database  Compiling classes for debugging  Attaching to a Java VM  The Source window  The debugger windows  Options  Setting breakpoints  Breaking on a line number  Breaking on a static method  Using counts with breakpoints  Using conditions with breakpoints  Breaking when execution is not interrupted  Disconnecting from the database  A debugging tutorial  Before you begin  Start the Java debugger and connect to the database  Attach to a Java VM  Load source code into the debugger  Step through source code  Examples  Inspecting and modifying variables  Inspecting local variables  Modifying local variables  Inspecting static variables  Network Access Using java.net  Overview  java.net classes  Setting up java.net  Example usage  Using socket classes  Saving text out of Adaptive Server  Using the URL class  Use the mailto:URL class to mail a document  Obtaining an HTTP document  Accessing an external document with XQL  User notes  Where to go for help  Reference Topics  Assignments  Assignment rules at compile-time  Assignment rules at runtime  Allowed conversions  Transferring Java-SQL objects to clients  Supported Java API packages, classes, and methods  Supported Java packages and classes  Unsupported Java packages, classes, and methods  Unsupported java.sql methods and interfaces  Invoking SQL from Java  Special considerations  Transact-SQL commands from Java methods  Datatype mapping between Java and SQL  Java-SQL identifiers  Java-SQL class and package names  Java-SQL column declarations  Java-SQL variable declarations  Java-SQL column references  Java-SQL member references  Java-SQL method calls  Glossary  Job Scheduler User's Guide Adaptive Server Enterprise 12.5.1  About this book  Overview  Introduction  Terminology and concepts  Job Scheduler components and functionality  Job Scheduler architecture  Security  js_user_role  js_admin_role  Shared objects  Configuring and Running Job Scheduler  Installing Job Scheduler manually  Setting up Job Scheduler users  Setting up access to target servers  Using Templates to Create Jobs  Introduction  Installing stored procedures on a target server  Installing the templates into Job Scheduler  Using Job Scheduler templates  Backup  Statistics management  Reorganization  Reconfiguration  Template updates  Using Job Scheduler at the Command Line  Creating a job  Creating a schedule  Creating a scheduled job  Deleting a scheduled job  Modifying a scheduled job  Invoking stored procedures on a target server  Managing jobs  Managing job history and logs  Command Reference  Command line stored procedures  Command syntax  sp_sjobcreate  sp_sjobcmd  sp_sjobmodify  sp_sjobdrop  sp_sjobhelp  sp_sjobcontrol  sp_sjobhistory  Managing Job Scheduler in the Sybase Central ASE Plug-in  Adding a scheduled job  Adding a job  Adding a schedule  Scheduling an existing job  Viewing job history  Purging job history  Administering Job Scheduler  Showing all users  Managing a scheduled job  Editing properties  Deleting a Job Scheduler object  Troubleshooting  Logging error messages  A job fails to run at the time you scheduled it  A scheduled job created from a template fails  A job with multiple calls to sp_sjobcmd fails  A stored procedure fails  Job Codes  Job state codes  Job exit codes  Migrating to Adaptive Server Enterprise 12.5  Introduction and Guide to Resources  In This Chapter  Chapters in the Migration Guide  Relating Documentation to Migration Phase  Other Sources of Information  Sybase Certifications on the Web  Migration Web Page  Classes  Consulting Services  If You Need Help  Analyze: Documenting Business Requirements  In This Chapter  Diagramming the System  Operational Business Requirements  Availability Requirements  Database Change Metrics  Database Dump Details  Maintenance Procedures  Service Level Requirements  Transaction Profile  Current Performance Metrics  Additional Business Requirements  Analyze: Documenting Your Environment  In This Chapter  Hardware Configuration  General Server Hardware  CPU Resources per Machine  Disk Configuration  Network Configuration  Tape Configuration  Physical Memory Utilization  Software Configuration  Operating System  Applications  Sybase Configuration  General Information  Database Devices  Databases and Segments  Dump Devices  Adaptive Server Objects  Gather Scripts to Create Objects  If You Don’t Have Scripts  Query Sybase System Tables  Use System Stored Procedures  Use Sybase Tools  Plan: Writing a Plan and Getting Ready to Migrate  In this Chapter  Review Documentation  Review the Upgrade Process  Special Cases: Migrating to 64-bit Operating System or Larger Page Size  Determine Migration Approach  Parallel With Replication  Cutover Without Replication  Phased Cutover  Write a Migration Plan  Build the Adaptive Server Environment  Update Hardware Resources  Verify Operating System Version and EBF Level  Review Adaptive Server Interoperability with Other Sybase Products  Update Applications and System Administration Procedures  Create Migration Scripts  Implement: Making Required Application Changes  In This Chapter  If Your Version is 11.5  Changes to Locking  Data-only Locking  Changes to Table-Level Locking  Workarounds  Changes to Error Checking  Permissions on Objects in Procedures Checked at Run-time  Stored Procedure Existence Checks in Command Batches  Ordering of Integrity and Permissions Checks  Changes in Error Numbers  11.9.2 Query Processing Changes  New and Changed Statistics  Aggregate Optimization  Costing Large I/O  The optdiag Utility  Trace Flag 302  If Your Version is 11.5 or 11.9.x  ANSI Joins  dsync Function  12.0 Query Processing Changes  Predicate Transformation and Factoring  50 Tables in a Query  Abstract Query Plans  Increased Optimization Time  Like Optimization Enhancements  If Your Version is 11.5, 11.9.x, or 12.0  Changes to Transact-SQL  The enable xact coordination Configuration Parameter  New Reserved Words  Wide Columns and Data Truncation  Change in Truncation Behavior  Using New Wide Data Sizes with Open Client  Wide Columns and Optimizer Statistics  Wide Columns with col_length() and datalength()  Implement: Making Database Administration Changes  In This Chapter  If Your Version is 11.5  New Rollback Records  Optimizer Changes  Updating Statistics After Upgrade  Trace Flag 326  If Your Version is 11.5 or 11.9.x  Documentation Changes  Information Moved to Different Manual  Discontinued Documents  Backup Server  Stripes  Network Connections  File Descriptors  Non-Rewinding Tapes  Starting Backup Server  Dump Format  Suspending Updates to Databases for Copying  New Unix File System Device Support  Changes to dbids  CIS Proxy Databases  ASE Plug-in for Sybase Central  The sybsyntax Utility  If Your Version is 11.5, 11.9.x, or 12.0  Changes to Documentation  System Database Sizes  The sybsystemprocs Database  sybsystemdb  Changes to System Tables  BCP with syslogins  New Database and Table Limits  Maximum Number of Users and Logins  New Table Limits  New Reserved Words  Configuration Parameters  stack size  RPC Problem with “enable xact coordination”  Increased Memory  New Storage for text and image Data  buildmaster Command Obsolete  Test: Ensuring Stability and Performance  In This Chapter  The Goal of Testing  Setting Up the Test Environment  Make Backups  Use Scripts to Create the Test System  Create Your Databases by Loading Backups  If the Test Environment Is Not an Exact Duplicate  Prioritizing Applications to be Tested  Establishing Performance Criteria  Developing Fallback Procedures  Summary of Testing Techniques  Writing Performance Scripts  Write Benchmark Scripts  Drivers  General Error Handling  Deadlock Handling  Result Handling  Time Measurement  Runtime Data Generation  Test Cycle: Summary of Tests  Test Cycle: Testing for Performance  Pre-Upgrade Single-User Tests  Optimizer  I/O  Pre-Upgrade Multi-User Tests  Untimed Benchmarks  Timed Benchmarks  Test System Upgrade  Post-Upgrade Single-User Tests  Post-Upgrade Multi-User Tests  Untimed Benchmarks  Timed Benchmarks  Worksheets for Your Current Environment  Adaptive Server Operational Worksheets  Operational Business Requirements  Backup and Restore Procedures  Database Dump Details  Maintenance Procedure Details  Data Architecture Worksheet  Client Application Components  Production Performance Metrics  Transaction Profile  Adaptive Server Infrastructure Worksheets  Host Configuration  Hardware  Physical Memory Usage  Disk I/O Configuration  Network Configuration  Tape Configuration  Operating System Configuration  Adaptive Server Configuration  Database Devices  Databases and Segments  Dump Devices  Sample Migration Task Lists  Sample Task List Template  General Migration Task List Example  Migration Analysis  Document Current Configuration  Gather Business Requirements  Conduct Compatibility Analysis  Develop Migration Strategy  Migration Preparation  Write Test Plans and Test Scripts  Prepare Applications For Migration  Design and Develop Server Migration Scripts  Design and Develop Database Migration Scripts  Design and Develop Data Migration Scripts  Perform Other Pre-migration Tasks  Implement Migration (Using Install/Load Technique)  Create Target Environment  Perform Server Migration  Perform Database Migration  Perform Data Migration  Complete Server and Data Migration  Perform Application Migration  Implement Migration (Using Upgrade Technique)  Upgrade Adaptive Server  Complete Migration  Perform Application Migration  Migration Quality Assurance  Perform System Tests  Perform Integration Tests  Perform Stress Tests  Perform User Acceptance Tests  Perform Production Data Refresh  Parallel Migration Task List Example  Define Test/Acceptance Criteria—Regression Test Suites  Back-end regression test suite—production loads  Front-end simulation regression test suite  Front-end Phase 1 and 2 regression test suite  Set Up Target Production Environment  Set Up Replication Server  Run Regression Test Suites  Back-end regression test suite—production loads  Front-end simulation regression test suite  Front-end Phase 1 and 2 regression test suite  Upgrade Server B (Shadow)  Run Post-upgrade Regression Test Suites on ASE 12.5 (Server B)  Back-end regression test suite—production loads  Front-end simulation regression test suite  Front-End Phase 1 and 2 Regression Test Suite  Other Testing  Run User Acceptance Tests on ASE 12.5 (Server B)  Shift Production Users to Adaptive Server 12.5 (Server B)  Perform Final Steps  Cutover Migration Task List Example  Set Up ASE 12.5 Environment on Development System  Define Test/Acceptance Criteria—Regression Test Suites  Front-end simulation regression test suite  Front-end regression test suite  Define Fallback Procedures on Test System  “Baseline” Older Environment on Test System  Run Regression Test Suites on Older Release Test System  Front-end simulation regression test suite  Front-end Regression Test Suite  Upgrade Test System to Release 12.5  Run Regression Test Suites on Release 12.5 Test System  Back-End Regression Test Suite—Production Loads  Front-End Simulation Regression Test Suite  Front-End Regression Test Suite  Other Testing  Run User/Acceptance Tests on Release 12.5 Test System  Execute Fallback Procedures on Test System  Upgrade Production Server to ASE 12.5  Perform Final Steps  Staged Cutover Task Overview  Tasks  Migration Issue Checklists  Logical Data Architecture  Logical Application Architecture  Logical Technology Architecture  Logical Support Architecture  Migration Strategy Design  Pre-Upgrade Checklist  Pre-Upgrade Checklist  Monitor Client Library Programmer's Guide  About this book  Getting Started with Monitor Client Library  Overview  What is Adaptive Server Enterprise Monitor?  Adaptive Server Enterprise Monitor components  Adaptive Server Enterprise Monitor architecture  Writing a basic Monitor Client Library program  Application logic flow  Step 1: defining error handling  Step 2: connecting to a server  Allocating a connection structure  Setting connection structure properties  Required connection properties  Connecting to a server  Step 3: creating a view  Data items  Statistical types  Creating views for a connection  Step 4: creating filters  Step 5: setting alarms  Step 6: requesting performance data and process results  Step 7: closing and deallocating connections  Closing and deallocating connections  Reopening connections  Playing back recorded data  A sample Monitor Client Library program  Example program  Data Items and Statistical Types  Overview  Result and key data items  Data items and views  Rows with no data versus no rows in views  Server-level status  Combining data items  Result and key combinations  Connection summaries  Current statement and application name data items  Data item definitions  Deciphering the names of data items  SMC_NAME_ACT_STP_DB_ID  SMC_NAME_ACT_STP_DB_NAME  SMC_NAME_ACT_STP_ID  SMC_NAME_ACT_STP_NAME  SMC_NAME_ACT_STP_OWNER_NAME  SMC_NAME_APPLICATION_NAME  SMC_NAME_APP_EXECUTION_CLASS  SMC_NAME_BLOCKING_SPID  SMC_NAME_CONNECT_TIME  SMC_NAME_CPU_BUSY_PCT  SMC_NAME_CPU_PCT  SMC_NAME_CPU_TIME  SMC_NAME_CPU_YIELD  SMC_NAME_CUR_APP_NAME  SMC_NAME_CUR_ENGINE  SMC_NAME_CUR_EXECUTION_CLASS  SMC_NAME_CUR_PROC_STATE  SMC_NAME_CUR_STMT_ACT_STP_DB_ID  SMC_NAME_CUR_STMT_ACT_STP_DB_NAME  SMC_NAME_CUR_STMT_ACT_STP_ID  SMC_NAME_CUR_STMT_ACT_STP_NAME  SMC_NAME_CUR_STMT_ACT_STP_OWNER_NAME  SMC_NAME_CUR_STMT_ACT_STP_TEXT  SMC_NAME_CUR_STMT_BATCH_ID  SMC_NAME_CUR_STMT_BATCH_TEXT  SMC_NAME_CUR_STMT_BATCH_TEXT_ENABLED  SMC_NAME_CUR_STMT_CONTEXT_ID  SMC_NAME_CUR_STMT_CPU_TIME  SMC_NAME_CUR_STMT_ELAPSED_TIME  SMC_NAME_CUR_STMT_LINE_NUM  SMC_NAME_CUR_STMT_LOCKS_GRANTED_IMMED  SMC_NAME_CUR_STMT_LOCKS_GRANTED_WAITED  SMC_NAME_CUR_STMT_LOCKS_NOT_GRANTED  SMC_NAME_CUR_STMT_NUM  SMC_NAME_CUR_STMT_PAGE_IO  SMC_NAME_CUR_STMT_PAGE_LOGICAL_READ  SMC_NAME_CUR_STMT_PAGE_PHYSICAL_READ  SMC_NAME_CUR_STMT_PAGE_WRITE  SMC_NAME_CUR_STMT_QUERY_PLAN_TEXT  SMC_NAME_CUR_STMT_START_TIME  SMC_NAME_CUR_STMT_TEXT_BYTE_OFFSET  SMC_NAME_DATA_CACHE_CONTENTION  SMC_NAME_DATA_CACHE_EFFICIENCY  SMC_NAME_DATA_CACHE_HIT  SMC_NAME_DATA_CACHE_HIT_PCT  SMC_NAME_DATA_CACHE_ID  SMC_NAME_DATA_CACHE_LARGE_IO_DENIED  SMC_NAME_DATA_CACHE_LARGE_IO_PERFORMED  SMC_NAME_DATA_CACHE_LARGE_IO_REQUESTED  SMC_NAME_DATA_CACHE_MISS  SMC_NAME_DATA_CACHE_NAME  SMC_NAME_DATA_CACHE_PREFETCH_EFFICIENCY  SMC_NAME_DATA_CACHE_REUSE  SMC_NAME_DATA_CACHE_REUSE_DIRTY  SMC_NAME_DATA_CACHE_REF_AND_REUSE  SMC_NAME_DATA_CACHE_SIZE  SMC_NAME_DB_ID  SMC_NAME_DB_NAME  SMC_NAME_DEADLOCK_CNT  SMC_NAME_DEMAND_LOCK  SMC_NAME_DEV_HIT  SMC_NAME_DEV_HIT_PCT  SMC_NAME_DEV_IO  SMC_NAME_DEV_MISS  SMC_NAME_DEV_NAME  SMC_NAME_DEV_READ  SMC_NAME_DEV_WRITE  SMC_NAME_ELAPSED_TIME  SMC_NAME_ENGINE_NUM  SMC_NAME_HOST_NAME  SMC_NAME_KPID  SMC_NAME_LOCK_CNT  SMC_NAME_LOCK_HIT_PCT  SMC_NAME_LOCK_RESULT  SMC_NAME_LOCK_RESULT_SUMMARY  SMC_NAME_LOCK_STATUS  SMC_NAME_LOCK_STATUS_CNT  SMC_NAME_LOCK_TYPE  SMC_NAME_LOCKS_BEING_BLOCKED_CNT  SMC_NAME_LOCKS_GRANTED_IMMED  SMC_NAME_LOCKS_GRANTED_WAITED  SMC_NAME_LOCKS_NOT_GRANTED  SMC_NAME_LOG_CONTENTION_PCT  SMC_NAME_LOGIN_NAME  SMC_NAME_MEM_CODE_SIZE  SMC_NAME_MEM_KERNEL_STRUCT_SIZE  SMC_NAME_MEM_PAGE_CACHE_SIZE  SMC_NAME_MEM_PROC_BUFFER  SMC_NAME_MEM_PROC_HEADER  SMC_NAME_MEM_SERVER_STRUCT_SIZE  SMC_NAME_MOST_ACT_DEV_IO  SMC_NAME_MOST_ACT_DEV_NAME  SMC_NAME_NET_BYTE_IO  SMC_NAME_NET_BYTES_RCVD  SMC_NAME_NET_BYTES_SENT  SMC_NAME_NET_DEFAULT_PKT_SIZE  SMC_NAME_NET_MAX_PKT_SIZE  SMC_NAME_NET_PKT_SIZE_RCVD  SMC_NAME_NET_PKT_SIZE_SENT  SMC_NAME_NET_PKTS_RCVD  SMC_NAME_NET_PKTS_SENT  SMC_NAME_NUM_ENGINES  SMC_NAME_NUM_PROCESSES  SMC_NAME_OBJ_ID  SMC_NAME_OBJ_NAME  SMC_NAME_OBJ_TYPE  SMC_NAME_OWNER_NAME  SMC_NAME_PAGE_HIT_PCT  SMC_NAME_PAGE_INDEX_LOGICAL_READ  SMC_NAME_PAGE_INDEX_PHYSICAL_READ  SMC_NAME_PAGE_IO  SMC_NAME_PAGE_LOGICAL_READ  SMC_NAME_PAGE_NUM  SMC_NAME_PAGE_PHYSICAL_READ  SMC_NAME_PAGE_WRITE  SMC_NAME_PROC_STATE  SMC_NAME_PROC_STATE_CNT  SMC_NAME_SPID  SMC_NAME_SQL_SERVER_NAME  SMC_NAME_SQL_SERVER_VERSION  SMC_NAME_STP_CPU_TIME  SMC_NAME_STP_ELAPSED_TIME  SMC_NAME_STP_EXECUTION_CLASS  SMC_NAME_STP_HIT_PCT  SMC_NAME_STP_LINE_NUM  SMC_NAME_STP_LINE_TEXT  SMC_NAME_STP_LOGICAL_READ  SMC_NAME_STP_NUM_TIMES_EXECUTED  SMC_NAME_STP_PHYSICAL_READ  SMC_NAME_STP_STMT_NUM  SMC_NAME_THREAD_EXCEEDED_MAX  SMC_NAME_THREAD_EXCEEDED_MAX_PCT  SMC_NAME_THREAD_MAX_USED  SMC_NAME_TIME_WAITED_ON_LOCK  SMC_NAME_TIMESTAMP  SMC_NAME_TIMESTAMP_DATIM  SMC_NAME_XACT  SMC_NAME_XACT_DELETE  SMC_NAME_XACT_DELETE_DEFERRED  SMC_NAME_XACT_DELETE_DIRECT  SMC_NAME_XACT_INSERT  SMC_NAME_XACT_INSERT_CLUSTERED  SMC_NAME_XACT_INSERT_HEAP  SMC_NAME_XACT_SELECT  SMC_NAME_XACT_UPDATE  SMC_NAME_XACT_UPDATE_DEFERRED  SMC_NAME_XACT_UPDATE_DIRECT  SMC_NAME_XACT_UPDATE_EXPENSIVE  SMC_NAME_XACT_UPDATE_IN_PLACE  SMC_NAME_XACT_UPDATE_NOT_IN_PLACE  Monitor Client Library Functions  Library functions  Threads  Error handling  Error handler  Callback function  smc_close  smc_connect_alloc  smc_connect_drop  smc_connect_ex  smc_connect_props  smc_create_alarm_ex  smc_create_filter  smc_create_playback_session  smc_create_recording_session  smc_create_view  smc_drop_alarm  smc_drop_filter  smc_drop_view  smc_get_command_info  smc_get_dataitem_type  smc_get_dataitem_value  smc_get_row_count  smc_get_version_string  smc_initiate_playback  smc_initiate_recording  smc_refresh_ex  smc_terminate_playback  smc_terminate_recording  Building a Monitor Client Library Application  Building on UNIX platforms  Compiling the application  Linking the application  Running the application  Building the sample applications  Building on Windows platforms  Compiling the application  Linking the application  Running the application  Building the sample applications  Monitor Client Library Configuration Instructions  Loading Monitor Client Library  Using InstallShield  Results of the load  Confirming your login account and permissions  Modifying the interfaces file  Setting up the user environment  Setting the SYBASE environment variable  Overriding the default location of the interfaces file  Using Monitor Client Library  Examples of Views  Cache performance summary  Current statement summary  Database object lock status  Database object page I/O  Data cache activity for individual caches  Data cache statistics for session  Data cache statistics for sample interval  Device I/O for session  Device I/O for sample interval  Device I/O performance summary  Engine activity  Lock performance summary  Network activity for session  Network activity for sample interval  Network performance summary  Procedure cache statistics for session  Procedure cache statistics for sample interval  Procedure page I/O  Process activity  Process database object page I/O  Process detail for locks  Process detail page I/O  Process locks  Process page I/O  Process state summary  Process stored procedure page I/O  Server performance summary  Stored procedure activity  Transaction activity  Datatypes and Structures  Summary of datatypes  Enum: SMC_ALARM_ACTION_TYPE  Enum: SMC_CLOSE_TYPE  Enum: SMC_DATAITEM_NAME  Enum: SMC_DATAITEM_STATTYPE  Structure: SMC_DATAITEM_STRUCT  Enum: SMC_DATAITEM_TYPE  Enum: SMC_ERR_SEVERITY  Enum: SMC_FILTER_TYPE  Enum: SMC_HS_ESTIM_OPT  Enum: SMC_HS_MISSDATA_OPT  Enum: SMC_HS_PLAYBACK_OPT  Enum: SMC_HS_SESS_DELETE_OPT  Enum: SMC_HS_SESS_ERR_OPT  Enum: SMC_HS_SESS_PROT_LEVEL  Enum: SMC_HS_SESS_SCRIPT_OPT  Enum: SMC_HS_TARGET_OPT  Enum: SMC_HS_TARGET_OPT  Enum: SMC_INFO_TYPE  Enum: SMC_LOCK_RESULT  Enum: SMC_LOCK_RESULT_SUMMARY  Enum: SMC_LOCK_STATUS  Enum: SMC_LOCK_TYPE  Enum: SMC_OBJ_TYPE  Enum: SMC_PROC_STATE  Enum: SMC_PROP_ACTION  Enum: SMC_PROP_TYPE  Enum: SMC_RETURN_CODE  Enum: SMC_SERVER_MODE  Enum: SMC_SOURCE  Union: SMC_VALUE_UNION  Backward Compatibility  Obsolete and replacement functions  New functions, as Adaptive Server version 11.5  Rules for functions and callbacks compatibility  Troubleshooting Information and Error Messages  Troubleshooting  Error messages  Communication failure: check if server is running  Configuration failure: possibly missing interfaces file or bad login parameters  Don’t know how to build example.h  error L2029: ‘SMC_CONNECT’ : unresolved external  error L2029: ‘SMC_CREATE_VIEW’ : unresolved external  fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: ‘cstypes.h’: No such file or directory  fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: ‘mcpublic.h’: No such file or directory  LINK: fatal error L4051: smcapi32.lib : cannot find library  Monitor Server User's Guide  About this book  Introduction  Description of Adaptive Server Enterprise Monitor  Monitor components  Monitor architecture  Interaction with sp_sysmon  Configuring Monitor Server  Initial configuration on UNIX platforms  Assumptions on UNIX platforms  Results of installation on UNIX platforms  Configuration procedures on UNIX platforms  Initial configuration on Microsoft Windows NT  Assumptions on Windows NT  Results of installation on Windows NT  Configuration procedures on Windows NT  Setting up the automatic start-up service  Setting up the server start-up order  Changing the default configuration  Changing start-up information in the NT Registry  Changing the .bat file  Configuring another Monitor Server  Monitor Server start-up parameters  Function  Syntax  Parameters  Adjusting Monitor Server runtime configuration  Monitor Server configuration file  Initial scan interval  Heartbeat interval  Configuring Monitor Server heap space usage  Summary buffer size  Number of summary buffers per event summary request  Maximum number of event summaries per connection  Adaptive Server configuration issues that affect Monitor Server  Restrictions on length of Adaptive Server name  Configuring event buffers  Understanding event buffers and event loss  Determining a value for event buffers per engine parameter  Changing the event buffers per engine parameter  Configuring SQL text buffers  Understanding the SQL text feature  Determining a value for the max SQL text monitored parameter  Changing the max SQL text monitored parameter  Starting, Verifying, and Stopping Monitor Server  Starting, verifying, and stopping Monitor Server on UNIX platforms  Starting Monitor Server on UNIX  Verifying that Monitor Server is running on UNIX  Stopping Monitor Server on UNIX  Starting, verifying, and stopping Monitor Server on Windows NT  Starting Monitor Server on Windows NT  How start-up parameters are inferred on Windows NT  Verifying that Monitor Server is running on Windows NT  Stopping Monitor Server on Windows NT  Orderly shutdowns and restarts  Orderly shutdowns  Automatic shutdowns  Orderly restarts  Connecting to clients  Monitor Server isql commands  Using the commands  sms_shutdown  sms_status  Troubleshooting Monitor Server  Error messages  Common problems  Monitor Server fails to start  Access violations  Check the NT Registry services entry (NT only)  Client errors  Maximum connection errors  ct_netlib errors (Windows NT)  Messages in Adaptive Server error log  Performance and Tuning: Basics  About this book  Introduction to Performance and Tuning  Introduction to the Basics  Good performance  Response time  Throughput  Designing for performance  Tuning performance  Tuning levels  Application layer  Database layer  Adaptive Server layer  Devices layer  Network layer  Hardware layer  Operating – system layer  Configuration parameters  Dynamic  Identifying system limits  Varying logical page sizes  Number of columns and column size  Maximum length of expressions, variables, and stored procedure arguments  Number of logins  Performance implications for limits  Setting tuning goals  Analyzing performance  Normal Forms  Locking  Special Considerations  Networks and Performance  Introduction  Potential performance problems  Basic questions on network performance  Techniques summary  Using sp_sysmon while changing network configuration  How Adaptive Server uses the network  Managing Network Listeners  Network Listeners on UNIX  Managing listeners with sp_listener  Using the remaining parameter  Determining the status of listeners  Starting new listeners  Stopping listeners  Suspending listeners  Resume suspended listeners  Changing network packet sizes  Large versus default packet sizes for user connections  Number of packets is important  Evaluation tools with Adaptive Server  Evaluation tools outside of Adaptive Server  Server-based techniques for reducing network traffic  Impact of other server activities  Single user versus multiple users  Improving network performance  Isolate heavy network users  Set tcp no delay on TCP networks  Configure multiple network listeners  Using Engines and CPUs  Background concepts  How Adaptive Server processes client requests  Client task implementation  Single-CPU process model  Scheduling engines to the CPU  Scheduling tasks to the engine  Execution task scheduling  Scheduling client task processing time  Maintaining CPU availability during idle time  Adaptive Server SMP process model  Scheduling engines to CPUs  Scheduling Adaptive Server tasks to engines  Multiple network engines  Task priorities and run queues  Processing scenario  Asynchronous log service  Understanding the user log cache (ULC) architecture  When to use ALS  Using the ALS  ULC flusher  Log writer  Changes in stored procedures  Housekeeper task improves CPU utilization  Side effects of the housekeeper task  Configuring the housekeeper task  Changing the percentage by which writes can be increased  Disabling the housekeeper task  Allowing the housekeeper task to work continuously  Measuring CPU usage  Single-CPU machines  Using sp_monitor to measure CPU usage  Using sp_sysmon to measure CPU usage  Operating - system commands and CPU usage  Determining when to configure additional engines  Taking engines offline  Enabling engine-to-CPU affinity  Multiprocessor application design guidelines  Distributing Engine Resources  Algorithm for successfully distributing engine resources  Algorithm guidelines  Environment analysis and planning  Analyzing  Example: phase 1 – execution object behavior  Example: phase 2 – the environment as a whole  Performing benchmark tests  Setting goals  Results analysis and tuning  Monitoring the environment over time  Manage preferred access to resources  Types of execution classes  Predefined execution classes  User-Defined execution classes  Execution class attributes  Base priority  Time slice  Task-to-engine affinity  Setting execution class attributes  Assigning execution classes  Engine groups and establishing task-to-engine affinity  How execution class bindings affect scheduling  Execution class bindings  Engine affinity can affect scheduling  Setting attributes for a session only  Getting information  Rules for determining precedence and scope  Multiple execution objects and ECs  Precedence rule  Scope rule  Resolving a precedence conflict  Examples: determining precedence  Example scenario using precedence rules  Planning  Configuration  Execution characteristics  Considerations for Engine Resource Distribution  Client applications: OLTP and DSS  Unintrusive client applications  I/O-bound client applications  Highly critical applications  Adaptive Server logins: high-priority users  Stored procedures: “hot spots”  Controlling Physical Data Placement  Object placement can improve performance  Symptoms of poor object placement  Underlying problems  Using sp_sysmon while changing data placement  Terminology and concepts  Guidelines for improving I/O performance  Spreading data across disks to avoid I/O contention  Avoiding physical contention in parallel join queries  Isolating server-wide I/O from database I/O  Where to place tempdb  Where to place sybsecurity  Keeping transaction logs on a separate disk  Mirroring a device on a separate disk  Device mirroring performance issues  Using serial mode  Creating objects on segments  Using segments  Separating tables and indexes  Splitting large tables across devices  Moving text storage to a separate device  Partitioning tables for performance  User transparency  Partitioned tables and parallel query processing  Distributing data across partitions  Improving insert performance with partitions  How partitions address page contention  Selecting heap tables to partition  Restrictions on partitioned tables  Partition-related configuration parameters  How Adaptive Server distributes partitions on devices  RAID devices and partitioned tables  Space planning for partitioned tables  Read-only tables  Read-mostly tables  Tables with random data modification  Commands for partitioning tables  alter table...partition syntax  alter table...unpartition Syntax  Changing the number of partitions  Distributing data evenly across partitions  Commands to create and drop clustered indexes  Using reorg rebuild on data-only-locked tables  Using drop index and create clustered index  Using constraints and alter table  Special concerns for partitioned tables and clustered indexes  Using parallel bcp to copy data into partitions  Parallel copy and locks  Getting information about partitions  Using bcp to correct partition balance  Checking data distribution on devices with sp_helpsegment  Effects of imbalance of data on segments and partitions  Determining the number of pages in a partition  Updating partition statistics  Syntax for update partition statistics  Steps for partitioning tables  Backing up the database after partitioning tables  Table does not exist  Table exists elsewhere in the database  Table exists on the segment  Redistributing data  Adding devices to a segment  Special procedures for difficult situations  Clustered indexes on large tables  Alternative for clustered indexes  Problems when devices for partitioned tables are full  Adding disks when devices are full  Adding disks when devices are nearly full  Maintenance issues and partitioned tables  Regular maintenance checks for partitioned tables  Database Design  Basic design  Physical database design for Adaptive Server  Logical Page Sizes  Number of columns and column size  Normalization  Levels of normalization  Benefits of normalization  First Normal Form  Second Normal Form  Third Normal Form  Denormalizing for performance  Risks  Disadvantages  Performance advantages  Denormalization input  Techniques  Adding redundant columns  Adding derived columns  Collapsing tables  Duplicating tables  Splitting tables  Horizontal splitting  Vertical splitting  Managing denormalized data  Using triggers  Using application logic  Batch reconciliation  Data Storage  Performance gains through query optimization  Query processing and page reads  Adaptive Server pages  Page headers and page sizes  Varying logical page sizes  Data and index pages  Large Object (LOB) Pages  Extents  Pages that manage space allocation  Global allocation map pages  Allocation pages  Object allocation map pages  How OAM pages and allocation pages manage object storage  Page allocation keeps an object’s pages together  sysindexes table and data access  Space overheads  Number of columns and size  Variable-length columns in APL tables  Variable length columns in DOL tables  Number of rows per data page  Maximum numbers  Arguments for stored procedures  Retrieving data with enhanced limits  Heaps of data: tables without clustered indexes  Lock schemes and differences between heaps  Select operations on heaps  Allpages-locked heap tables  Data-only locked heap tables  Inserting data into an allpages-locked heap table  Conflicts during heap inserts  Inserting data into a data-only-locked heap table  If conflicts occur during heap inserts  Deleting data from a heap table  Deleting from an allpages-locked heap table  Deleting from a data-only locked heap table  Deleting the last row on a page  Updating data on a heap table  Allpages-locked heap tables  Data-only-locked heap tables  How Adaptive Server performs I/O for heap operations  Sequential prefetch, or large I/O  Caches and object bindings  Heaps, I/O, and cache strategies  Overview of cache strategies  LRU replacement strategy  When LRU strategy is used  MRU replacement strategy  Select operations and caching  Data modification and caching  Caching and inserts on heaps  Caching, update and delete operations on heaps  Asynchronous prefetch and I/O on heap tables  Heaps: pros and cons  Maintaining heaps  Methods  Using reorg rebuild to reclaim space  Reclaiming space by creating a clustered index  Reclaiming space using bcp  Transaction log: a special heap table  Setting Space Management Properties  Reducing index maintenance  Advantages of using fillfactor  Disadvantages of using fillfactor  Setting fillfactor values  fillfactor examples  No stored fillfactor values  Table-level or clustered index fillfactor value stored  Use of the sorted_data and fillfactor options  Reducing row forwarding  Default, minimum, and maximum values for exp_row_size  Default value  Specifying an expected row size with create table  Adding or changing an expected row size  Setting a default expected row size server-wide  Displaying the expected row size for a table  Choosing an expected row size for a table  Using optdiag to check for forwarded rows  Querying systabstats to check for forwarded rows  Conversion of max_rows_per_page to exp_row_size  Monitoring and managing tables that use expected row size  Leaving space for forwarded rows and inserts  Extent allocation operations and reservepagegap  Specifying a reserve page gap with create table  Specifying a reserve page gap with create index  Changing reservepagegap  reservepagegap examples  reservepagegap specified only for the table  reservepagegap specified for a clustered index  Choosing a value for reservepagegap  Monitoring reservepagegap settings  reservepagegap and sorted_data options to create index  Background on the sorted_data option  Matching options and goals  Using max_rows_per_page on allpages-locked tables  Reducing lock contention  Indexes and max_rows_per_page  select into and max_rows_per_page  Applying max_rows_per_page to existing data  Memory Use and Performance  How memory affects performance  How much memory to configure  Dynamic reconfiguration  Dynamic memory allocation  How memory is allocated  Caches in Adaptive Server  CAche sizes and buffer pools  Procedure cache  Getting information about the procedure cache size  proc buffers  proc headers  Monitoring procedure cache performance  Procedure cache errors  Procedure cache sizing  Estimating stored procedure size  Data cache  Default cache at installation time  Page aging in data cache  Effect of data cache on retrievals  Effect of data modifications on the cache  Data cache performance  Testing data cache performance  Cache hit ratio for a single query  Cache hit ratio information from sp_sysmon  Configuring the data cache to improve performance  Commands to configure named data caches  Tuning named caches  Cache configuration goals  Gather data, plan, and then implement  Evaluating cache needs  Large I/O and performance  The optimizer and cache choices  Choosing the right mix of I/O sizes for a cache  Reducing spinlock contention with cache partitions  Cache replacement strategies and policies  Strategies  Policies  Named data cache recommendations  Sizing caches for special objects, tempdb, and transaction logs  Determining cache sizes for special tables or indexes  Examining cache needs for tempdb  Examining cache needs for transaction logs  Choosing the I/O size for the transaction log  Configuring for large log I/O size  Additional tuning tips for log caches  Basing data pool sizes on query plans and I/O  Checking I/O size for queries  Configuring buffer wash size  Overhead of pool configuration and binding objects  Pool configuration overhead  Cache binding overhead  Maintaining data cache performance for large I/O  Diagnosing excessive I/O Counts  Using sp_sysmon to check large I/O performance  Speed of recovery  Tuning the recovery interval  Effects of the housekeeper wash task on recovery time  Auditing and performance  Sizing the audit queue  Auditing performance guidelines  Text and images pages  Determining Sizes of Tables and Indexes  Why object sizes are important to query tuning  Tools for determining the sizes of tables and indexes  Effects of data modifications on object sizes  Using optdiag to display object sizes  Advantages of optdiag  Disadvantages of optdiag  Using sp_spaceused to display object size  Advantages of sp_spaceused  Disadvantages of sp_spaceused  Using sp_estspace to estimate object size  Advantages of sp_estspace  Disadvantages of sp_estspace  Using formulas to estimate object size  Factors that can affect storage size  Storage sizes for datatypes  Tables and indexes used in the formulas  Calculating table and clustered index sizes for allpages-locked tables  Step 1: Calculate the data row size  Step 2: Compute the number of data pages  Step 3: Compute the size of clustered index rows  Step 4: Compute the number of clustered index pages  Step 5: Compute the total number of index pages  Step 6: Calculate allocation overhead and total pages  Step 7: Calculate the size of the leaf index row  Step 8: Calculate the number of leaf pages in the index  Step 9: Calculate the size of the non-leaf rows  Step 10: Calculate the number of non-leaf pages  Step 11: Calculate the total number of non-leaf index pages  Step 12: Calculate allocation overhead and total pages  Calculating the sizes of data-only-locked tables  Step 1: Calculate the data row size  Step 2: Compute the number of data pages  Step 3: Calculate allocation overhead and total pages  Step 4: Calculate the size of the index row  Step 5: Calculate the number of leaf pages in the index  Step 6: Calculate the number of non-leaf pages in the index  Step 7: Calculate the total number of non-leaf index pages  Step 8: Calculate allocation overhead and total pages  Other factors affecting object size  Effects of space management properties  Using average sizes for variable fields  Very small rows  LOB pages  Advantages of using formulas to estimate object size  Disadvantages of using formulas to estimate object size  How Indexes Work  Types of indexes  Index pages  Root level  Leaf level  Intermediate level  Index Size  Clustered indexes on allpages-locked tables  Clustered indexes and select operations  Clustered indexes and insert operations  Page splitting on full data pages  Exceptions to page splitting  Page splitting on index pages  Performance impacts of page splitting  Overflow pages  Clustered indexes and delete operations  Deleting the last row on a page  Index page merges  Nonclustered indexes  Leaf pages revisited  Nonclustered index structure  Nonclustered indexes and select operations  Nonclustered index performance  Nonclustered indexes and insert operations  Nonclustered indexes and delete operations  Clustered indexes on data-only-locked tables  Index covering  Covering matching index scans  Covering nonmatching index scans  Indexes and caching  Using separate caches for data and index pages  Index trips through the cache  Indexing for Performance  How indexes affect performance  Detecting indexing problems  Symptoms of poor indexing  Lack of indexes is causing table scans  Index is not selective enough  Index does not support range queries  Too many indexes slow data modification  Index entries are too large  Exception for wide data rows and wide index rows  Fixing corrupted indexes  Repairing the system table index  Repairing a nonclustered index  Index limits and requirements  Choosing indexes  Index keys and logical keys  Guidelines for clustered indexes  Choosing clustered indexes  Candidates for nonclustered indexes  Index Selection  Examples of using the index selection  Other indexing guidelines  Choosing nonclustered indexes  Performance price for data modification  Choosing composite indexes  Key order and performance in composite indexes  Advantages and disadvantages of composite indexes  Techniques for choosing indexes  Choosing an index for a range query  Adding a point query with different indexing requirements  Index and statistics maintenance  Dropping indexes that hurt performance  Choosing space management properties for indexes  Additional indexing tips  Creating artificial columns  Keeping index entries short and avoiding overhead  Dropping and rebuilding indexes  Configure enough sort buffers  Create the clustered index first  Configure large buffer pools  Asynchronous log service  Understanding the user log cache (ULC) architecture  When to use ALS  Using the ALS  ULC flusher  Log writer  Changes in stored procedures  Cursors and Performance  Definition  Set-oriented versus row-oriented programming  Example  Resources required at each stage  Memory use and execute cursors  Cursor modes  Index use and requirements for cursors  Allpages-locked tables  Data-only-locked tables  Table scans to avoid the Halloween problem  Comparing performance with and without cursors  Sample stored procedure without a cursor  Sample stored procedure with a cursor  Cursor versus noncursor performance comparison  Locking with read-only cursors  Isolation levels and cursors  Partitioned heap tables and cursors  Optimizing tips for cursors  Optimizing for cursor selects using a cursor  Using union instead of or clauses or in lists  Declaring the cursor’s intent  Specifying column names in the for update clause  Using set cursor rows  Keeping cursors open across commits and rollbacks  Opening multiple cursors on a single connection  Maintenance Activities and Performance  Running reorg on tables and indexes  Creating and maintaining indexes  Configuring Adaptive Server to speed sorting  Dumping the database after creating an index  Creating an index on sorted data  Maintaining index and column statistics  Rebuilding indexes  Speeding index creation with sorted_data  Creating or altering a database  Backup and recovery  Local backups  Remote backups  Online backups  Using thresholds to prevent running out of log space  Minimizing recovery time  Recovery order  Bulk copy  Parallel bulk copy  Batches and bulk copy  Slow bulk copy  Improving bulk copy performance  Replacing the data in a large table  Adding large amounts of data to a table  Using partitions and multiple bulk copy processes  Impacts on other users  Database consistency checker  Using dbcc tune (cleanup)  Using dbcc tune on spinlocks  When not to use this command  Determining the space available for maintenance activities  Overview of space requirements  Tools for checking space usage and space available  Checking space used for tables and indexes  Checking space on segments  Checking space requirements for space management properties  Space management properties applied to the table  Space management properties applied to the index  Estimating the effects of space management properties  If there is not enough space  Tuning Asynchronous Prefetch  How asynchronous prefetch improves performance  Improving query performance by prefetching pages  Prefetching control mechanisms in a multiuser environment  Look-ahead set during recovery  Prefetching log pages  Prefetching data and index pages  Look-ahead set during sequential scans  Look-ahead set during nonclustered index access  Look-ahead set during dbcc checks  Allocation checking  checkdb and checktable  Look-ahead set minimum and maximum sizes  When prefetch is automatically disabled  Flooding pools  I/O system overloads  Unnecessary reads  Page chain fragmentation  Tuning Goals for asynchronous prefetch  Commands for configuration  Other Adaptive Server performance features  Large I/O  Sizing and limits for the 16k pool  Limits for the 2K pool  Fetch-and-discard (MRU) scans  Parallel scans and large I/Os  Hash-based table scans  Partition-based scans  Special settings for asynchronous prefetch limits  Setting limits for recovery  Setting limits for dbcc  Maintenance activities for high prefetch performance  Eliminating kinks in heap tables  Eliminating kinks in clustered index tables  Eliminating kinks in nonclustered indexes  Performance monitoring and asynchronous prefetch  tempdb Performance Issues  How management of tempdb affects performance  Main solution areas for tempdb performance  Types and uses of temporary tables  Truly temporary tables  Regular user tables  Worktables  Initial allocation of tempdb  Sizing the tempdb  Placing tempdb  Dropping the master device from tempdb segments  Using multiple disks for parallel query performance  Binding tempdb to its own cache  Commands for cache binding  Temporary tables and locking  Minimizing logging in tempdb  With select into  By using shorter rows  Optimizing temporary tables  Creating indexes on temporary tables  Creating nested procedures with temporary tables  Breaking tempdb uses into multiple procedures  Performance and Tuning: Locking  About this book  Introduction to Performance and Tuning  Locking Overview  How locking affects performance  Overview of locking  Granularity of locks and locking schemes  Allpages locking  Datapages locking  Datarows locking  Types of locks in Adaptive Server  Page and row locks  Table locks  Demand locks  Demand locking with serial execution  Demand locking with parallel execution  Range locking for serializable reads  Latches  Lock compatibility and lock sufficiency  How isolation levels affect locking  Isolation Level 0, read uncommitted  Isolation Level 1, read committed  Isolation Level 2, repeatable read  Isolation Level 3, serializable reads  Adaptive Server default isolation level  Lock types and duration during query processing  Lock types during create index commands  Locking for select queries at isolation Level 1  Table scans and isolation Levels 2 and 3  Table scans and table locks at isolation Level 3  Isolation Level 2 and Allpages-Locked tables  When update locks are not required  Locking during or processing  Processing or queries for Allpages-Locked tables  Processing or queries for Data-Only-Locked tables  Skipping uncommitted inserts during selects  Skipping uncommitted inserts during deletes, updates and inserts  Using alternative predicates to skip nonqualifying rows  Pseudo column-level locking  Select queries that do not reference the updated column  Qualifying old and new values for uncommitted updates  Suggestions to reduce contention  Locking Configuration and Tuning  Locking and performance  Using sp_sysmon and sp_object_stats  Reducing lock contention  Adding indexes to reduce contention  Keeping transactions short  Avoiding hot spots  Additional locking guidelines  Configuring locks and lock promotion thresholds  Configuring Adaptive Server’s lock limit  Estimating number of locks for data-only-locked tables  Configuring the lock hashtable (Lock Manager)  Setting lock promotion thresholds  Lock promotion and scan sessions  Lock promotion high water mark  Lock promotion low water mark  Lock promotion percent  Setting server-wide lock promotion thresholds  Setting the lock promotion threshold for a table or database  Precedence of settings  Dropping database and table settings  Using sp_sysmon while tuning lock promotion thresholds  Choosing the locking scheme for a table  Analyzing existing applications  Choosing a locking scheme based on contention statistics  Monitoring and managing tables after conversion  Applications not likely to benefit from data-only locking  Tables where clustered index performance must remain high  Tables with maximum-length rows  Optimistic index locking  Understanding optimistic index locking  Using optimistic index locking  Cautions and issues  Using Locking Commands  Specifying the locking scheme for a table  Specifying a server-wide locking scheme  Specifying a locking scheme with create table  Changing a locking scheme with alter table  Before and after changing locking schemes  After alter table completes  Expense of switching to or from allpages locking  Sort performance during alter table  Specifying a locking scheme with select into  Controlling isolation levels  Setting isolation levels for a session  Syntax for query-level and table-level locking options  Using holdlock, noholdlock, or shared  Using the at isolation clause  Making locks more restrictive  Using read committed  Making locks less restrictive  Using read uncommitted  Using shared  Readpast locking  Cursors and locking  Using the shared keyword  Additional locking commands  lock table Command  Lock timeouts  Locking Reports  Locking tools  Getting information about blocked processes  Viewing locks  Viewing locks  Intrafamily blocking during network buffer merges  Deadlocks and concurrency  Server-side versus application-side deadlocks  Application deadlock example  Server task deadlocks  Deadlocks and parallel queries  Printing deadlock information to the error log  Avoiding deadlocks  Acquire locks on objects in the same order  Delaying deadlock checking  Identifying tables where concurrency is a problem  Lock management reporting  Indexing for Performance  How indexes affect performance  Detecting indexing problems  Symptoms of poor indexing  Lack of indexes is causing table scans  Index is not selective enough  Index does not support range queries  Too many indexes slow data modification  Index entries are too large  Exception for wide data rows and wide index rows  Fixing corrupted indexes  Repairing the system table index  Repairing a nonclustered index  Index limits and requirements  Choosing indexes  Index keys and logical keys  Guidelines for clustered indexes  Choosing clustered indexes  Candidates for nonclustered indexes  Index Selection  Examples of using the index selection  Other indexing guidelines  Choosing nonclustered indexes  Performance price for data modification  Choosing composite indexes  Key order and performance in composite indexes  Advantages and disadvantages of composite indexes  Techniques for choosing indexes  Choosing an index for a range query  Adding a point query with different indexing requirements  Index and statistics maintenance  Dropping indexes that hurt performance  Choosing space management properties for indexes  Additional indexing tips  Creating artificial columns  Keeping index entries short and avoiding overhead  Dropping and rebuilding indexes  Configure enough sort buffers  Create the clustered index first  Configure large buffer pools  Asynchronous log service  Understanding the user log cache (ULC) architecture  When to use ALS  Using the ALS  ULC flusher  Log writer  Changes in stored procedures  How Indexes Work  Types of indexes  Index pages  Root level  Leaf level  Intermediate level  Index Size  Clustered indexes on allpages-locked tables  Clustered indexes and select operations  Clustered indexes and insert operations  Page splitting on full data pages  Exceptions to page splitting  Page splitting on index pages  Performance impacts of page splitting  Overflow pages  Clustered indexes and delete operations  Deleting the last row on a page  Index page merges  Nonclustered indexes  Leaf pages revisited  Nonclustered index structure  Nonclustered indexes and select operations  Nonclustered index performance  Nonclustered indexes and insert operations  Nonclustered indexes and delete operations  Clustered indexes on data-only-locked tables  Index covering  Covering matching index scans  Covering nonmatching index scans  Indexes and caching  Using separate caches for data and index pages  Index trips through the cache  Performance and Tuning: Monitoring and Analyzing  About this book  Introduction to Performance and Tuning  Monitoring Tables  Monitoring system tables in Adaptive Server  Using Transact-SQL to monitor performance  The mon_role role  Examples of querying the monitoring tables  Processing information through search arguments  Wrapping counter datatypes  Stateful historical monitoring tables  Transient monitoring data  Installing the monitoring tables  Adaptive Server configuration options  deadlock pipe active  deadlock pipe max messages  enable monitoring  errorlog pipe active  errorlog pipe max messages  max SQL text monitored  object lockwait timing  per object statistics active  plan text pipe active  plan text pipe max messages  process wait events  sql text pipe active  sql text pipe max messages  statement pipe active  statement pipe max messages  statement statistics active  SQL batch capture  wait event timing  System tables for monitor tables  monTables  monTableParameters  monTableColumns  monState  monEngine  monDataCache  monProcedureCache  monOpenDatabases  monSysWorkerThread  monNetworkIO  monErrorLog  monLocks  monDeadLock  monWaitClassInfo  monWaitEventInfo  monCachedObject  monCachePool  monOpenObjectActivity  monIOQueue  monDeviceIO  monSysWaits  monProcess  monProcessLookup  monProcessActivity  monProcessNetIO  monProcessObject  monProcessWaits  monProcessStatement  monProcessSQLText  monSysPlanText  monSysStatement  monCachedProcedures  monSysSQLText  monProcessProcedures  Using Statistics to Improve Performance  Importance of statistics  Updating  Adding statistics for unindexed columns  update statistics commands  Using sampling for update statistics  Column statistics and statistics maintenance  Creating and updating column statistics  When additional statistics may be useful  Adding statistics for a column with update statistics  Adding statistics for minor columns with update index statistics  Adding statistics for all columns with update all statistics  Choosing step numbers for histograms  Disadvantages of too many steps  Choosing a step number  Scan types, sort requirements, and locking  Sorts for unindexed or non leading columns  Locking, scans, and sorts during update index statistics  Locking, scans and sorts during update all statistics  Using the with consumers clause  Reducing update statistics impact on concurrent processes  Using the delete statistics command  When row counts may be inaccurate  Using the set statistics Commands  Command syntax  Using simulated statistics  Checking subquery cache performance  Checking compile and execute time  Converting ticks to milliseconds  Reporting physical and logical I/O statistics  Total actual I/O cost value  Statistics for writes  Statistics for reads  Sample output with and without an index  statistics io output for cursors  Scan count  Queries reporting a scan count of 1  Queries reporting a scan count of more than 1  Queries reporting scan count of 0  Relationship between physical and logical reads  Logical reads, physical reads, and 2K I/O  Physical reads and large I/O  Reads and writes on worktables  Effects of caching on reads  statistics io and merge joins  Using set showplan  Using  Basic showplan messages  Query plan delimiter message  Step message  Query type message  FROM TABLE message  FROM TABLE and referential integrity  TO TABLE message  Update mode messages  Direct update mode  Deferred mode  Deferred index and deferred varcol messages  Optimized using messages  Simulated statistics message  Abstract plan messages  showplan messages for query clauses  GROUP BY message  Selecting into a worktable  Grouped aggregate message  Grouped aggregates and group by  compute by message  Ungrouped aggregate message  Ungrouped aggregates  compute messages  messages for order by and distinct  Worktable message for distinct  Worktable message for order by  Sorting messages  Step involves sorting message  GETSORTED message  Serial or parallel sort message  Messages describing access methods, caching, and I/O cost  Auxiliary scan descriptors message  Nested iteration message  Merge join messages  Worktable message  Table scan message  Clustered index message  Index name message  Scan direction messages  Positioning messages  Scanning messages  Index covering message  Keys message  Matching index scans message  Dynamic index message (OR strategy)  Reformatting Message  Trigger Log Scan Message  I/O Size Messages  Cache strategy messages  Total estimated I/O cost message  showplan messages for parallel queries  Executed in parallel messages  Coordinating process message  Worker processes message  Scan type message  Merge messages  Data merge messages  Runtime adjustment message  showplan messages for subqueries  Output for flattened or materialized subqueries  Flattened queries  Materialized queries  Structure of subquery showplan output  Subquery execution message  Nesting level delimiter message  Subquery plan start delimiter  Subquery plan end delimiter  Type of subquery  Subquery predicates  Internal subquery aggregates  Quantified predicate subqueries and the ANY aggregate  Expression subqueries and the ONCE aggregate  Subqueries with distinct and the ONCE-UNIQUE aggregate  Existence join message  Subqueries that perform existence tests  Statistics Tables and Displaying Statistics with optdiag  System tables that store statistics  systabstats table  sysstatistics table  Viewing statistics with the optdiag utility  optdiag syntax  optdiag header information  Table statistics  Sample output for table statistics  Data page CR count  Table-level derived statistics  Data page cluster ratio  Space utilization  Large I/O efficiency  Index statistics  Sample output for index statistics  Index-level derived statistics  Data page cluster ratio  Index page cluster ratio  Data row cluster ratio  Space utilization for an index  Large I/O efficiency for an index  Column statistics  Sample output for column statistics  Range cell and total density values  Range and in-between selectivity values  Histogram displays  Sample output for histograms  Understanding histogram output  Histograms for columns with highly duplicated values  Choosing the number of steps for highly duplicated values  Changing statistics with optdiag  Using the optdiag binary mode  When you must use binary mode  Updating selectivities with optdiag input mode  Editing histograms  Adding frequency count cells to a histogram  Skipping the load-time verification for step numbering  Rules checked during histogram loading  Re-creating indexes without losing statistics updates  Using simulated statistics  optdiag syntax for simulated statistics  Simulated statistics output  Requirements for loading and using simulated statistics  Using simulated statistics in the original database  Using simulated statistics in another database  Dropping simulated statistics  Running queries with simulated statistics  showplan messages for simulated statistics  Character data containing quotation marks  Effects of SQL commands on statistics  How query processing affects systabstats  Tuning with dbcc traceon  Tuning with dbcc traceon(302)  dbcc traceon(310)  Invoking the dbcc trace facility  General tips for tuning with dbcc traceon(302)  Checking for join columns and search arguments  Determining how the optimizer estimates I/O costs  Structure of dbcc traceon(302) output  Additional blocks and messages  Table information block  Identifying the table  Basic table data  Cluster ratio  Partition information  Base cost block  Concurrency optimization message  Clause block  Search clause identification  When search clauses are not optimizable  Values unknown at optimize time  Join clause identification  Sort avert messages  Column block  Selectivities when statistics exist and values are known  When the optimizer uses default values  Unknown values  If no statistics are available  Out-of-range messages  “Disjoint qualifications” message  Forcing messages  Unique index messages  Other messages in the column block  Index selection block  Scan and filter selectivity values  How scan and filter selectivity can differ  Other information in the index selection block  Best access block  dbcc traceon(310) and final query plan costs  Flattened subquery join order message  Worker process information  Final plan information  Sort-merge costs  Monitoring Performance with sp_sysmon  Using  When to run  Invoking  Fixed time intervals  Using begin_sample and end_sample  Specifying report sections for output  Specifying the application detail parameter  Cache Wizard syntax  Parameters  Redirecting output to a file  How to use the reports  Reading output  Rows  Columns  Interpreting the data  Per second and per transaction data  Percent of total and count data  Per engine data  Total or summary data  Sample interval and time reporting  Cache Wizard  Preparing to run the cache wizard  Output  Sample output for Cache Wizard  Kernel utilization  Sample output  Engine busy utilization  CPU yields by engine  Network checks  Non–blocking  Blocking  Total network I/O checks  Average network I/Os per check  Disk I/O checks  Total disk I/O checks  Checks returning I/O  Average disk I/Os returned  Worker process management  Sample output  Worker process requests  Worker process usage  Memory requests for worker processes  Avg mem ever used by a WP  Parallel query management  Sample output  Parallel query usage  Merge lock requests  Sort buffer waits  Task management  Sample output  Connections opened  Task context switches by engine  Task context switches due to  Voluntary yields  Cache search misses  System disk writes  I/O pacing  Logical lock contention  Address lock contention  Latch contention  Log semaphore contention  PLC lock contention  Group commit sleeps  Last log page writes  Modify conflicts  I/O device contention  Network packet received  Network packet sent  Other causes  Application management  Sample output  Requesting detailed application information  Sample output  Application statistics summary (all applications)  Priority changes  Allotted slices exhausted  Skipped tasks by engine  Engine scope changes  Per application or per application and login  Application activity  Application priority changes  Application I/Os completed  Resource limits violated  ESP management  Sample output  ESP requests  Avg. time to execute an ESP  Housekeeper task activity  Sample output  Buffer cache washes  Garbage collections  Statistics updates  Monitor access to executing SQL  Sample output  Waits on execution plans  Number of SQL text overflows  Maximum SQL text requested  Transaction profile  Sample output  Transaction summary  How to count multi database transactions  Transaction detail  Inserts  APL heap tables  APL clustered table  Data only lock table  Total rows inserted  Updates and update detail sections  Updates  Data-only-locked updates  Deletes  Total rows deleted  Transaction management  Sample output  ULC flushes to transaction log  By full ULC  By end transaction  By change of database  By system log record and by other  Total ULC flushes  ULC log records  Maximum ULC size  ULC semaphore requests  Log semaphore requests  Log semaphore contention and user log caches  Transaction log writes  Transaction log allocations  Avg # writes per log page  Index management  Sample output  Nonclustered maintenance  Inserts and updates requiring maintenance to indexes  Deletes requiring maintenance  Row ID updates from clustered split  Data-Only-Locked updates and deletes requiring maintenance  Page splits  Reducing page splits for ascending key inserts  Default data page splitting  Effects of ascending inserts  Setting ascending inserts mode for a table  Retries and deadlocks  Add index level  Page shrinks  Index scans  Metadata cache management  Sample output  Open object, index, and database usage  Object Manager Spinlock Contention  Object and index spinlock contention  Hash spinlock contention  Using sp_monitorconfig to find metadata cache usage statistics  Lock management  Sample output  Lock summary  Lock detail  Address locks  Last page locks on heaps  Table lock hashtable  Deadlocks by lock type  Deadlock detection  Deadlock searches  Searches skipped  Average deadlocks per search  Lock promotions  Lock time-out information  Data cache management  Sample output  Cache statistics summary (all caches)  Cache search summary  Cache turnover  Cache strategy summary  Large I/O usage  Large I/O effectiveness  Asynchronous prefetch activity report  Other asynchronous prefetch statistics  Dirty read behavior  Cache management by cache  Cache spinlock contention  Utilization  Cache search, hit, and miss information  Pool turnover  Buffer wash behavior  Cache strategy  Large I/O usage  Large I/O detail  Dirty read behavior  Procedure cache management  Sample output  Procedure requests  Procedure reads from disk  Procedure writes to disk  Procedure removals  Memory management  Sample output  Pages allocated  Pages released  Recovery management  Sample output  Checkpoints  Number of normal checkpoints  Number of free checkpoints  Total checkpoints  Average time per normal checkpoint  Average time per free checkpoint  Increasing the housekeeper batch limit  Disk I/O management  Sample output  Maximum outstanding I/Os  I/Os delayed by  Disk I/O structures  Server configuration limit  Engine configuration limit  Operating system limit  Requested and completed disk I/Os  Total requested disk I/Os  Completed disk I/Os  Device activity detail  Reads and writes  Total I/Os  Device semaphore granted and waited  Network I/O management  Sample output  Total network I/Os requests  Network I/Os delayed  Total TDS packets received  Total bytes received  Average bytes received per packet  Total TDS packets sent  Total bytes sent  Average bytes sent per packet  Reducing packet overhead  Performance and Tuning: Optimizer and Abstract Plans  About this book  Introduction to Performance and Tuning  Optimizer Overview  Definition  Steps in query processing  Working with the optimizer  Object sizes are important to query tuning  Query optimization  SQL derived tables and optimization  Factors examined during optimization  Preprocessing can add clauses for optimizing  Converting clauses to search argument equivalents  Converting expressions into search arguments  Search argument transitive closure  Join transitive closure  Enabling join transitive closure  Predicate transformation and factoring  Example  Guidelines for creating search arguments  Search arguments and useful indexes  Search argument syntax  Nonequality operators  Examples of SARGs  How statistics are used for SARGS  Histogram cells  Density values  Range cell density and total density  How the optimizer uses densities and histograms  Using statistics on multiple search arguments  Default values for search arguments  SARGs using variables and parameters  Join syntax and join processing  How joins are processed  When statistics are not available for joins  Density values and joins  Multiple column joins  Search arguments and joins on a table  Datatype mismatches and query optimization  Overview of the datatype hierarchy and index issues  Comparison of numeric and decimal datatypes  Comparing numeric types to other datatypes  Datatypes for parameters and variables used as SARGs  Troubleshooting datatype mismatch problems fo SARGs  Compatible datatypes for join columns  Troubleshooting datatype mismatch problems for joins  Suggestions on datatypes and comparisons  Forcing a conversion to the other side of a join  Splitting stored procedures to improve costing  Basic units of costing  Advanced Optimizing Tools  Special optimizing techniques  Specifying optimizer choices  Specifying table order in joins  Risks of using forceplan  Things to try before using forceplan  Specifying the number of tables considered by the optimizer  Specifying an index for a query  Risks  Things to try before specifying an index  Specifying I/O size in a query  Index type and large I/O  When prefetch specification is not followed  set prefetch on  Specifying the cache strategy  In select, delete, and update statements  Controlling large I/O and cache strategies  Getting information on cache strategies  Asynchronous log service  Understanding the user log cache (ULC) architecture  When to use ALS  Using the ALS  ULC flusher  Log writer  Changed system procedures  Enabling and disabling merge joins  Enabling and disabling join transitive closure  Suggesting a degree of parallelism for a query  Query level parallel clause examples  Concurrency optimization for small tables  Changing locking scheme  Query Tuning Tools  Overview  How tools may interact  Using showplan and noexec together  noexec and statistics io  How tools relate to query processing  Access Methods and Query Costing for Single Tables  Table scan cost  Cost of a scan on allpages-locked table  Cost of a scan on a data-only-locked tables  From rows to pages  How cluster ratios affect large I/O estimates  Data page cluster ratio  Index page cluster ratio  Evaluating the cost of index access  Query that returns a single row  Query that returns many rows  Range queries using clustered indexes (allpages locking)  Range queries with covering indexes  Range queries with noncovering indexes  Result-set size and index use  Costing for noncovering index scans  Costing for forwarded rows  Costing for queries using order by  Prefix subset and sorts  Key ordering and sorts  Specifying ascending or descending order for index keys  How the optimizer costs sort operations  Allpages-locked tables with clustered indexes  Sorts when index covers the query  Sorts and noncovering indexes  Backward scans and joins  Deadlocks and descending scans  Access Methods and Costing for or and in Clauses  or syntax  in (values_list) converts to or processing  Methods for processing or clauses  When table scans are used for or queries  Dynamic index (OR strategy)  Multiple matching index scans (special OR strategy)  How aggregates are optimized  Combining max and min aggregates  Queries that use both min and max  How update operations are performed  Direct updates  In-place updates  Cheap direct updates  Expensive direct updates  Deferred updates  When deferred updates are required  Deferred index inserts  Restrictions on update modes through joins  Joins and subqueries in update and delete statements  Deletes and updates in triggers versus referential integrity  Optimizing updates  Designing for direct updates  Effects of update types and indexes on update modes  Using sp_sysmon while tuning updates  Accessing Methods and Costing for Joins and Subqueries  Costing and optimizing joins  Processing  Index density and joins  Multicolumn densities  Datatype mismatches and joins  Join permutations  Outer joins and join permutations  Nested-loop joins  Cost formula  How inner and outer tables are determined  Self join  Access methods and costing for sort-merge joins  How a full-merge is performed  How a right-merge or left-merge is performed  How a sort-merge is performed  Mixed example  showplan messages for sort-merge joins  Costing for merge joins  Costing for a full-merge with unique values  Example: allpages-locked tables with clustered indexes  Costing for a full-merge with duplicate values  Costing sorts  Worktable size for sort-merge joins  When merge joins cannot be used  Use of worker processes  Recommendations for improved merge performance  Enabling and disabling merge joins  At the server level  At the session level  Reformatting strategy  Subquery optimization  Flattening in, any, and exists subqueries  When flattening can be done  Exceptions to flattening  Flattening methods  Join order and flattening methods  Flattened subqueries executed as regular joins  Flattened subqueries executed as existence joins  Flattened subqueries executed using unique reformatting  Flattened subqueries using duplicate elimination  Flattening expression subqueries  Materializing subquery results  Noncorrelated expression subqueries  Quantified predicate subqueries containing aggregates  Subquery introduced with an and clause  Subquery introduced with an or clause  Subquery results caching  Displaying subquery cache information  Optimizing subqueries  or clauses versus unions in joins  Parallel Query Processing  Types of queries that can benefit from parallel processing  Adaptive Server’s worker process model  Parallel query execution  Returning results from parallel queries  Types of parallel data access  Hash-based table scans  Partition-based scans  Hash-based index scans  Parallel processing for two tables in a join  showplan messages  Controlling the degree of parallelism  Configuration parameters for controlling parallelism  How limits apply to query plans  How the limits work in combination  Examples of setting parallel configuration parameters  Using set options to control parallelism for a session  set command examples  Controlling parallelism for a query  Query level parallel clause examples  Worker process availability and query execution  Other configuration parameters for parallel processing  Commands for working with partitioned tables  Balancing resources and performance  CPU resources  Disk resources and I/O  Tuning example: CPU and I/O saturation  Guidelines for parallel query configuration  Hardware guidelines  Working with your performance goals and hardware guidelines  Examples of parallel query tuning  Improving the performance of a table scan  Improving the performance of a nonclustered index scan  Guidelines for partitioning and parallel degree  Experimenting with data subsets  System level impacts  Locking issues  Device issues  Procedure cache effects  When parallel query results can differ  Queries that use set rowcount  Queries that set local variables  Achieving consistent results  Parallel Query Optimization  What is parallel query optimization?  Optimizing for response time versus total work  When is optimization performed?  Overhead costs  Factors that are not considered  Parallel access methods  Parallel partition scan  Requirements for consideration  Cost model  Parallel clustered index partition scan (allpages-locked tables)  Requirements for consideration  Cost model  Parallel hash-based table scan  Hash-based table scans on allpages-locked tables  Hash-based table scans on data-only-locked tables  Requirements for consideration  Cost model  Parallel hash-based index scan  Cost model and requirements  Parallel range-based scans  Requirements for consideration  Additional parallel strategies  Partitioned worktables  Parallel sorting  Summary of parallel access methods  Selecting parallel access methods  Degree of parallelism for parallel queries  Upper limit  Optimized degree  Worker processes for partition-based scans  Worker processes for hash-based scans  Worker processes for range-based scans  Nested-loop joins  Alternative plans  Computing the degree of parallelism for nested-loop joins  Parallel queries and existence joins  Examples  Partitioned heap table  Nonpartitioned heap table  Table with clustered index  Runtime adjustments to worker processes  Parallel query examples  Single-table scans  Table partition scan  Multitable joins  Parallel join optimization and join orders  Subqueries  Queries that require worktables  union queries  Queries with aggregates  select into statements  Runtime adjustment of worker processes  How Adaptive Server adjusts a query plan  Evaluating the effect of runtime adjustments  Recognizing and managing runtime adjustments  Using set process_limit_action  Using showplan  Reducing the likelihood of runtime adjustments  Checking runtime adjustments with sp_sysmon  Diagnosing parallel performance problems  Query does not run in parallel  Parallel performance is not as good as expected  Calling technical support for diagnosis  Resource limits for parallel queries  Parallel Sorting  Commands that benefits from parallel sorting  Requirements and resources overview  Overview of the parallel sorting strategy  Creating a distribution map  Dynamic range partitioning  Range sorting  Merging results  Configuring resources for parallel sorting  Worker process requirements for parallel sorts  Worker process requirements for creating indexes  Using with consumers while creating indexes  Worker process requirements for select query sorts  Worker processes for merge-join sorts  Other worktable sorts  Caches, sort buffers, and parallel sorts  Cache bindings  Number of sort buffers can affect sort performance  Sort buffer configuration guidelines  Using less than the configured number of sort buffers  Configuring the number of sort buffers parameter  Procedure for estimating merge levels and I/O  Configuring caches for large I/O during parallel sorting  Balancing sort buffers and large I/O configuration  Disk requirements  Space requirements for creating indexes  Space requirements for worktable sorts  Number of devices in the target segment  Recovery considerations  Tools for observing and tuning sort behavior  Using set sort_resources on  Examples  Using sp_sysmon to tune index creation  Using parellel sort to speed the create index  Tuning Asynchronous Prefetch  How asynchronous prefetch improves performance  Improving query performance by prefetching pages  Prefetching control mechanisms in a multiuser environment  Look-ahead set during recovery  Prefetching log pages  Prefetching data and index pages  Look-ahead set during sequential scans  Look-ahead set during nonclustered index access  Look-ahead set during dbcc checks  Allocation checking  checkdb and checktable  Look-ahead set minimum and maximum sizes  When prefetch is automatically disabled  Flooding pools  I/O system overloads  Unnecessary reads  Page chain fragmentation  Tuning Goals for asynchronous prefetch  Commands for configuration  Other Adaptive Server performance features  Large I/O  Sizing and limits for the 16k pool  Limits for the 2K pool  Fetch-and-discard (MRU) scans  Parallel scans and large I/Os  Hash-based table scans  Partition-based scans  Special settings for asynchronous prefetch limits  Setting limits for recovery  Setting limits for dbcc  Maintenance activities for high prefetch performance  Eliminating kinks in heap tables  Eliminating kinks in clustered index tables  Eliminating kinks in nonclustered indexes  Performance monitoring and asynchronous prefetch  Multiple Temporary Databases  Overview  After creating a temporary database  Using sp_tempdb  Binding with temporary databases  Session binding  Multiple temporary database and the system  System table changes  sysattributes  sysdatabases  @@tempdbid global variable  tempdb_id() function  Log truncation  Rollback and recovery  Dropping a temporary database  Dropping other databases  alter database  Caching characteristics  Binding user-created temporary databases to a data cache  Processing stored procedures  tempdb write optimization  High-availability considerations  High-availability configuration  Proxy database support  Failover scenarios  Normal companion behavior  Mount/Unmount  Dumping and loading temporary databases  sp_dboption stored procedure  Configuring the number of open databases  Changed procedures  Unchanged yet notable procedures  Changed and additional DBCCs  dbcc pravailabletempdbs  dbcc addtempdb  Additional changes  Installation issues  Sizing and configuring temporary databases for applications  Shareable temporary tables  Updating user-created stored procedures  Downgrading to an earlier version  tempdb Performance Issues  How management of tempdb affects performance  Main solution areas for tempdb performance  Types and uses of temporary tables  Truly temporary tables  Regular user tables  Worktables  Initial allocation of tempdb  Sizing the tempdb  Placing tempdb  Dropping the master device from tempdb segments  Using disks for parallel query performance  Binding tempdb to its own cache  Commands for cache binding  Temporary tables and locking  Minimizing logging in tempdb  With select into  By using shorter rows  Optimizing temporary tables  Creating indexes on temporary tables  Creating nested procedures with temporary tables  Breaking tempdb uses into multiple procedures  Cursors and Performance  Definition  Set-oriented versus row-oriented programming  Example  Resources required at each stage  Memory use and execute cursors  Cursor modes  Index use and requirements for cursors  Allpages-locked tables  Data-only-locked tables  Table scans to avoid the Halloween problem  Comparing performance with and without cursors  Sample stored procedure without a cursor  Sample stored procedure with a cursor  Cursor versus noncursor performance comparison  Locking with read-only cursors  Isolation levels and cursors  Partitioned heap tables and cursors  Optimizing tips for cursors  Optimizing for cursor selects using a cursor  Using union instead of or clauses or in lists  Declaring the cursor’s intent  Specifying column names in the for update clause  Using set cursor rows  Keeping cursors open across commits and rollbacks  Opening multiple cursors on a single connection  Overview on Abstract Plans  Definition  Managing abstract plans  Relationship between query text and query plans  Limits of options for influencing query plans  Full versus partial plans  Creating a partial plan  Abstract plan groups  How abstract plans are associated with queries  Abstract Query Plan Guide  Introduction  Abstract plan language  Queries, access methods, and abstract plans  Derived tables  Identifying tables  Identifying indexes  Specifying join order  Shorthand notation for joins  Join order examples  Match between execution methods and abstract plans  Specifying join order for queries using views  Specifying the join type  Specifying partial plans and hints  Grouping multiple hints  Inconsistent and illegal plans using hints  Creating abstract plans for subqueries  Materialized subqueries  Flattened subqueries  Example: changing the join order in a flattened subquery  Nested subqueries  Subquery identification and attachment  More subquery examples: reading ordering and attachment  Modifying subquery nesting  Abstract plans for materialized views  Abstract plans for queries containing aggregates  Specifying the reformatting strategy  OR strategy limitation  When the store operator is not specified  Tips on writing abstract plans  Comparing plans “before” and “after”  Effects of enabling server-wide capture mode  Time and space to copy plans  Abstract plans for stored procedures  Procedures and plan ownership  Procedures with variable execution paths and optimization  Ad Hoc queries and abstract plans  Creating and Using Abstract Plans  Using set commands to capture and associate plans  Enabling plan capture mode with set plan dump  Associating queries with stored plans  Using replace mode during plan capture  When to use replace mode  Using dump, load, and replace modes simultaneously  Using dump and load to the same group  Using dump and load to different groups  set plan exists check option  Using other set options with abstract plans  Using showplan  Using noexec  Using forceplan  Server-wide abstract plan capture and association Modes  Creating plans using SQL  Using create plan  Using the plan Clause  Managing Abstract Plans with System Procedures  System procedures for managing abstract plans  Managing an abstract plan group  Creating a group  Dropping a group  Getting information about a group  Renaming a group  Finding abstract plans  Managing individual abstract plans  Viewing a plan  Copying a plan to another group  Dropping an individual abstract plan  Comparing two abstract plans  Changing an existing plan  Managing all plans in a group  Copying all plans in a group  Comparing all plans in a group  Dropping all abstract plans in a group  Importing and exporting groups of plans  Exporting plans to a user table  Importing plans from a user table  Abstract Plan Language Reference  Keywords  Operands  Abstract plan derived tables  Schema for examples  g_join  hints  i_scan  in  lru  m_g_join  mru  nested  nl_g_join  parallel  plan  prefetch  prop  scan  store  subq  t_scan  table  union  view  work_t  Quick Reference Guide  Quick Reference  Datatypes  Reserved words  Transact-SQL reserved words  SQL92 reserved words  Potential SQL92 reserved words  Global variables  Functions  Commands  System procedures  Catalog stored procedures  System Extended Stored Procedures  dbcc stored procedures  System tables  dbcc tables  Utilities  Reference Manual: Building Blocks  About this book  System and User-Defined Datatypes  Datatype categories  Range and storage size  Declaring the datatype of a column, variable, or parameter  Declaring the datatype for a column in a table  Declaring the datatype for a local variable in a batch or procedure  Declaring the datatype for a parameter in a stored procedure  Determining the datatype of a literal  Numeric literals  Character literals  Datatype of mixed-mode expressions  Determining the datatype hierarchy  Determining precision and scale  Converting one datatype to another  Automatic conversion of fixed-length NULL columns  Handling overflow and truncation errors  Standards and compliance  Exact numeric datatypes  Function  Integer types  Decimal datatypes  Standards and compliance  Approximate numeric datatypes  Function  Understanding approximate numeric datatypes  Range, precision, and storage size  Entering approximate numeric data  Values that may be entered by Open Client clients  Standards  Money datatypes  Function  Accuracy  Range and storage size  Entering monetary values  Standards  Timestamp datatype  Function  Creating a timestamp column  Date and time datatypes  Function  Range and storage requirements  Entering date and time data  Standards and compliance  Character datatypes  Function  unichar, univarchar  Length and storage size  Entering character data  Entering Unicode characters  Treatment of blanks  Manipulating character data  Standards  Binary datatypes  Function  Valid binary and varbinary entries  Entries of more than the max column size  Treatment of trailing zeroes  Platform dependence  Standards  bit datatype  Function  Entering data into bit columns  Storage size  Restrictions  Standards  sysname datatype  Function  Using the sysname datatype  Standards  text and image datatypes  Function  Data structures used for storing text and image data  Format of text data pages  Text nodes  Initializing text and image columns  Saving space by allowing NULL  Getting information from sysindexes  Using readtext and writetext  Determining how much space a column uses  Restrictions on text and image columns  Selecting text and image data  Converting text and image datatypes  Pattern matching in text data  Duplicate rows  Standards  User-defined datatypes  Function  Creating frequently used datatypes in the model database  Creating a user-defined datatypes  Renaming a user-defined datatype  Dropping a user-defined datatype  Getting help on datatypes  Standards and compliance  Transact-SQL Functions  Types of functions  Aggregate functions  Aggregates used with group by  Aggregate functions and NULL values  Vector and scalar aggregates  Aggregate functions as row aggregates  Datatype conversion functions  Converting character data to a non-character type  Converting from one character type to another  Converting numbers to a character type  Rounding during conversion to and from money types  Converting date/time information  Converting between numeric types  Arithmetic overflow and divide-by-zero errors  Scale errors  Domain errors  Conversions between binary and integer types  Converting between binary and numeric or decimal types  Converting image columns to binary types  Converting other types to bit  Converting NULL value  Date functions  Date parts  Mathematical functions  Security functions  String functions  Limits on string functions  System functions  Text and image functions  abs  acos  ascii  asin  atan  atn2  avg  ceiling  char  charindex  char_length  col_length  col_name  compare  convert  cos  cot  count  current_date  current_time  curunreservedpgs  data_pgs  datalength  dateadd  datediff  datename  datepart  day  db_id  db_name  degrees  derived_stat  difference  exp  floor  get_appcontext  getdate  hextoint  host_id  host_name  identity_burn_max  index_col  index_colorder  inttohex  isnull  is_sec_service_on  lct_admin  left  len  license_enabled  list_appcontext  lockscheme  log  log10  lower  ltrim  max  min  month  mut_excl_roles  newid  next_identity  object_id  object_name  pagesize  patindex  pi  power  proc_role  ptn_data_pgs  radians  rand  replicate  reserved_pgs  reverse  right  rm_appcontext  role_contain  role_id  role_name  round  rowcnt  rtrim  set_appcontext  show_role  show_sec_services  sign  sin  sortkey  soundex  space  square  sqrt  str  str_replace  stuff  substring  sum  suser_id  suser_name  syb_quit  syb_sendmsg  tan  tempdb_id  textptr  textvalid  to_unichar  tsequal  uhighsurr  ulowsurr  upper  uscalar  used_pgs  user  user_id  user_name  valid_name  valid_user  year  Global Variables  Adaptive Server’s global variables  Expressions, Identifiers, and Wildcard Characters  Expressions  Size of expressions  Arithmetic and character expressions  Relational and logical expressions  Operator precedence  Arithmetic operators  Bitwise operators  String concatenation operator  Comparison operators  Nonstandard operators  Using any, all and in  Negating and testing  Ranges  Using nulls in expressions  Comparisons that return TRUE  Difference between FALSE and UNKNOWN  Using “NULL” as a character string  NULL compared to the empty string  Connecting expressions  Using parentheses in expressions  Comparing character expressions  Using the empty string  Including quotation marks in character expressions  Using the continuation character  Identifiers  Tables beginning with # (temporary tables)  Case sensitivity and identifiers  Uniqueness of object names  Using delimited identifiers  Identifying tables or columns by their qualified object name  Using delimited identifiers within an object name  Omitting the owner name  Referencing your own objects in the current database  Referencing objects owned by the database owner  Using qualified identifiers consistently  Determining whether an identifier is valid  Renaming database objects  Using multibyte character sets  Pattern matching with wildcard characters  Using not like  Case and accent insensitivity  Using wildcard characters  The percent sign (%) wildcard character  The underscore (_) wildcard character  Bracketed ([ ]) characters  The caret (^) wildcard character  Using multibyte wildcard characters  Using wildcard characters as literal characters  Using square brackets ( [ ] ) as escape characters  Using the escape clause  Using wildcard characters with datetime data  Reserved Words  Transact-SQL reserved words  ANSI SQL reserved words  Potential ANSI SQL reserved words  SQLSTATE Codes and Messages  Warnings  Exceptions  Cardinality violations  Data exceptions  Integrity constraint violations  Invalid cursor states  Syntax errors and access rule violations  Transaction rollbacks  with check option violation  Reference Manual: Commands  About this book  Commands  Overview  alter database  alter role  alter table  begin...end  begin transaction  break  case  checkpoint  close  coalesce  commit  compute clause  connect to...disconnect  continue  create database  create default  create existing table  create function (SQLJ)  create index  create plan  create procedure  create procedure (SQLJ)  create proxy_table  create role  create rule  create schema  create table  create trigger  create view  dbcc  deallocate cursor  declare  declare cursor  delete  delete statistics  disk init  disk mirror  disk refit  disk reinit  disk remirror  disk resize  disk unmirror  drop database  drop default  drop function (SQLJ)  drop index  drop procedure  drop role  drop rule  drop table  drop trigger  drop view  dump database  dump transaction  execute  fetch  goto label  grant  group by and having clauses  if...else  insert  kill  load database  load transaction  lock table  mount  nullif  online database  open  order by clause  prepare transaction  print  quiesce database  raiserror  readtext  reconfigure  remove java  reorg  return  revoke  rollback  rollback trigger  save transaction  select  set  setuser  shutdown  truncate table  union operator  unmount  update  update all statistics  update partition statistics  update statistics  use  waitfor  where clause  while  writetext  Reference Manual: Procedures  About this book  System Procedures  Introduction to system procedures  Permissions on system procedures  Executing system procedures  Entering parameter values  Messages  System procedure tables  List of system procedures  sp_activeroles  sp_addalias  sp_addauditrecord  sp_addaudittable  sp_addengine  sp_addexeclass  sp_addextendedproc  sp_addexternlogin  sp_addgroup  sp_addlanguage  sp_addlogin  sp_addmessage  sp_addobjectdef  sp_add_qpgroup  sp_addremotelogin  sp_add_resource_limit  sp_addsegment  sp_addserver  sp_addthreshold  sp_add_time_range  sp_addtype  sp_addumpdevice  sp_adduser  sp_altermessage  sp_audit  sp_autoconnect  sp_bindcache  sp_bindefault  sp_bindexeclass  sp_bindmsg  sp_bindrule  sp_cacheconfig  sp_cachestrategy  sp_changedbowner  sp_changegroup  sp_checknames  sp_checkreswords  sp_checksource  sp_chgattribute  sp_clearpsexe  sp_clearstats  sp_client_addr  sp_cmp_all_qplans  sp_cmp_qplans  sp_commonkey  sp_companion  sp_configure  sp_copy_all_qplans  sp_copy_qplan  sp_countmetadata  sp_cursorinfo  sp_dbextend  sp_dboption  sp_dbrecovery_order  sp_dbremap  sp_defaultloc  sp_depends  sp_deviceattr  sp_diskdefault  sp_displayaudit  sp_displaylevel  sp_displaylogin  sp_displayroles  sp_dropalias  sp_drop_all_qplans  sp_dropdevice  sp_dropengine  sp_dropexeclass  sp_dropextendedproc  sp_dropexternlogin  sp_dropglockpromote  sp_dropgroup  sp_dropkey  sp_droplanguage  sp_droplogin  sp_dropmessage  sp_dropobjectdef  sp_drop_qpgroup  sp_drop_qplan  sp_dropremotelogin  sp_drop_resource_limit  sp_droprowlockpromote  sp_dropsegment  sp_dropserver  sp_dropthreshold  sp_drop_time_range  sp_droptype  sp_dropuser  sp_dumpoptimize  sp_engine  sp_estspace  sp_export_qpgroup  sp_extendsegment  sp_extengine  sp_familylock  sp_find_qplan  sp_fixindex  sp_flushstats  sp_forceonline_db  sp_forceonline_object  sp_forceonline_page  sp_foreignkey  sp_freedll  sp_getmessage  sp_grantlogin  sp_ha_admin  sp_help  sp_helpartition  sp_helpcache  sp_helpconfig  sp_helpconstraint  sp_helpdb  sp_helpdevice  sp_helpextendedproc  sp_helpexternlogin  sp_helpgroup  sp_helpindex  sp_helpjava  sp_helpjoins  sp_helpkey  sp_helplanguage  sp_helplog  sp_helpobjectdef  sp_help_qpgroup  sp_help_qplan  sp_helpremotelogin  sp_help_resource_limit  sp_helprotect  sp_helpsegment  sp_helpserver  sp_helpsort  sp_helptext  sp_helpthreshold  sp_helpuser  sp_hidetext  sp_import_qpgroup  sp_indsuspect  sp_ldapadmin  sp_listener  sp_listsuspect_db  sp_listsuspect_object  sp_listsuspect_page  sp_lock  sp_locklogin  sp_logdevice  sp_loginconfig  sp_logininfo  sp_logiosize  sp_modifylogin  sp_modify_resource_limit  sp_modify_time_range  sp_modifystats  sp_modifythreshold  sp_monitor  sp_monitorconfig  sp_object_stats  sp_passthru  sp_password  sp_placeobject  sp_plan_dbccdb  sp_poolconfig  sp_primarykey  sp_processmail  sp_procxmode  sp_recompile  sp_remap  sp_remoteoption  sp_remotesql  sp_rename  sp_renamedb  sp_rename_qpgroup  sp_reportstats  sp_revokelogin  sp_role  sp_sendmsg  sp_serveroption  sp_setlangalias  sp_setpglockpromote  sp_setpsexe  sp_set_qplan  sp_setrowlockpromote  sp_setsuspect_granularity  sp_setsuspect_threshold  sp_showcontrolinfo  sp_showexeclass  sp_showplan  sp_showpsexe  sp_spaceused  sp_ssladmin  sp_syntax  sp_sysmon  sp_tempdb  sp_thresholdaction  sp_transactions  sp_unbindcache  sp_unbindcache_all  sp_unbindefault  sp_unbindexeclass  sp_unbindmsg  sp_unbindrule  sp_volchanged  sp_who  Catalog Stored Procedures  Overview  Specifying optional parameters  Pattern matching  System procedure tables  ODBC datatypes  sp_column_privileges  sp_columns  sp_databases  sp_datatype_info  sp_fkeys  sp_pkeys  sp_server_info  sp_special_columns  sp_sproc_columns  sp_statistics  sp_stored_procedures  sp_table_privileges  sp_tables  System Extended Stored Procedures  Overview  Permissions on system ESPs  DLLs associated with system ESPs  Using system ESPs  xp_cmdshell  xp_deletemail  xp_enumgroups  xp_findnextmsg  xp_logevent  xp_readmail  xp_sendmail  xp_startmail  xp_stopmail  dbcc Stored Procedures  Overview  Specifying the object name and date  Specifying the object name  Specifying the date  sp_dbcc_alterws  sp_dbcc_configreport  sp_dbcc_createws  sp_dbcc_deletedb  sp_dbcc_deletehistory  sp_dbcc_differentialreport  sp_dbcc_evaluatedb  sp_dbcc_faultreport  sp_dbcc_fullreport  sp_dbcc_recommendations  sp_dbcc_runcheck  sp_dbcc_statisticsreport  sp_dbcc_summaryreport  sp_dbcc_updateconfig  Reference Manual: Tables  About this book  System Tables  Locations of system tables  System tables in master  System tables in sybsecurity  System table in sybsystemdb  System tables in all databases  About the sybdiagdb database  About the syblicenseslog table  Rules for using system tables  Permissions on system tables  Locking schemes used for system tables  Reserved columns  Updating system tables  Triggers on system tables  Aggregate functions and virtual tables  sysalternates  sysattributes  sysauditoptions  sysaudits_01 – sysaudits_08  syscharsets  syscolumns  syscomments  sysconfigures  sysconstraints  syscoordinations  syscurconfigs  sysdatabases  sysdepends  sysdevices  sysengines  sysgams  sysindexes  sysjars  syskeys  syslanguages  syslisteners  syslocks  sysloginroles  syslogins  syslogs  syslogshold  sysmessages  sysmonitors  sysobjects  syspartitions  sysprocedures  sysprocesses  sysprotects  sysqueryplans  sysreferences  sysremotelogins  sysresourcelimits  sysroles  syssecmechs  syssegments  sysservers  syssessions  syssrvroles  sysstatistics  systabstats  systhresholds  systimeranges  systransactions  systypes  sysusages  sysusermessages  sysusers  sysxtypes  syblicenseslog  dbccdb Tables  dbccdb workspaces  dbccdb log  dbcc_config  dbcc_counters  dbcc_fault_params  dbcc_faults  dbcc_operation_log  dbcc_operation_results  dbcc_types  System Administration Guide  About this book  Conventions  Formatting SQL statements  SQL syntax conventions  Case  Obligatory options {you must choose at least one}  Optional options  Ellipsis  Expressions  Overview of System Administration  Adaptive Server administration tasks  Roles required for system administration tasks  Database Owner  Database object owner  Using isql to perform system administration tasks  Starting isql  Entering statements  Saving and reusing statements  Using Sybase Central for system administration tasks  System tables  Querying the system tables  Keys in system tables  Updating system tables  System procedures  Using system procedures  System procedure tables  Creating system procedures  System extended stored procedures  Creating system ESPs  Logging error messages  Connecting to Adaptive Server  The interfaces file  Directory services  LDAP as a directory service  Multiple directory services  LDAP directory services versus the Sybase interfaces file  Security features available in Adaptive Server  System and Optional Databases  Overview of system databases  master database  Controlling object creation in master  Backing up master and keeping copies of system tables  model database  sybsystemprocs database  tempdb database  Creating temporary tables  sybsecurity database  sybsystemdb database  pubs2 and pubs3 sample databases  Maintaining the sample databases  pubs2 image data  dbccdb database  sybdiag database  System Administration for Beginners  Logical page sizes  Using “test” servers  Understanding new procedures and features  Planning resources  Achieving performance goals  Installing Sybase products  Check product compatibility  Install or upgrade Adaptive Server  Install additional third-party software  Configure and test client connections  Allocating physical resources  Dedicated vs. shared servers  Decision support and OLTP applications  Advance resource planning  Operating system configuration  Backup and recovery  Keep up-to-date backups of master  Keep offline copies of system tables  Automate backup procedures  Verify data consistency before backing up a database  Monitor the log size  Ongoing maintenance and troubleshooting  Starting and stopping Adaptive Server  Viewing and pruning the error log  Keeping records  Contact information  Configuration information  Maintenance schedules  System information  Disaster recovery plan  Getting more help  Setting Configuration Parameters  Adaptive Server configuration parameters  What are configuration parameters?  The Adaptive Server configuration file  How to modify configuration parameters  Who can modify configuration parameters?  Unit specification using sp_configure  Getting help information on configuration parameters  Using sp_configure  Syntax elements  Parameter parsing  Using sp_configure with a configuration file  Naming tips for the configuration file  Using sp_configure to read or write the configuration file  Parameters for using configuration files  Editing the configuration file  Starting Adaptive Server with a configuration file  The parameter hierarchy  User-defined subsets of the parameter hierarchy: display levels  The effect of the display level on sp_configure output  The reconfigure command  Performance tuning with sp_configure and sp_sysmon  Output from sp_configure  The sysconfigures and syscurconfigs tables  Querying syscurconfigs and sysconfigures: an example  Details on configuration parameters  Renamed configuration parameters  Replaced configuration parameter  New configuration parameter  Backup and recovery  number of large i/o buffers  print recovery information  recovery interval in minutes  tape retention in days  Cache manager  global async prefetch limit  global cache partition number  memory alignment boundary  number of index trips  number of oam trips  procedure cache size  total data cache size  Component Integration Services administration  cis bulk insert array size  cis bulk insert batch size  cis cursor rows  cis packet size  cis rpc handling  enable cis  enable file access  enable full-text search  max cis remote connections  Disk I/O  allow sql server async i/o  disable disk mirroring  disk i/o structures  number of devices  page utilization percent  DTM administration  dtm detach timeout period  dtm lock timeout period  enable DTM  enable xact coordination  number of dtx participants  strict dtm enforcement  txn to pss ratio  xact coordination interval  Error log  event log computer name (Windows NT only)  event logging (Windows NT only)  log audit logon failure  log audit logon success  Extended stored procedures  esp execution priority  esp execution stacksize  esp unload dll  start mail session (Windows NT only)  xp_cmdshell context  General information  configuration file  sampling percent  Java services  enable java  enable enterprise java beans  size of global fixed heap  size of process object heap  size of shared class heap  Languages  default character set id  default language id  default sortorder id  disable character set conversions  Lock Manager  lock address spinlock ratio  number of locks  deadlock checking period  deadlock retries  lock spinlock ratio  lock hashtable size  lock scheme  lock wait period  read committed with lock  lock table spinlock ratio  Memory use  executable codesize + overhead  Metadata caches  number of open databases  number of open indexes  number of open objects  open index hash spinlock ratio  open index spinlock ratio  open object spinlock ratio  Network communication  allow remote access  allow sendmsg  default network packet size  max network packet size  max number network listeners  number of remote connections  number of remote logins  number of remote sites  remote server pre-read packets  syb_sendmsg port number  tcp no delay  O/S resources  max async i/os per engine  max async i/os per server  o/s file descriptors  shared memory starting address  Parallel queries  number of worker processes  max parallel degree  max scan parallel degree  memory per worker process  Physical memory  allocate max shared memory  dynamic allocation on demand  max memory  additional network memory  heap memory per user  lock shared memory  max SQL text monitored  total physical memory  total logical memory  Processors  number of engines at startup  max online engines  RepAgent thread administration  enable rep agent threads  SQL server administration  abstract plan cache  abstract plan dump  abstract plan load  abstract plan replace  allow backward scans  allow nested triggers  allow resource limits  allow updates to system tables  cpu accounting flush interval  cpu grace time  default database size  default fill factor percent  default exp_row_size percent  dump on conditions  enable sort-merge joins and JTC  enable row level access control  enable ssl  event buffers per engine  housekeeper free write percent  enable HA  enable housekeeper GC  identity burning set factor  identity grab size  i/o accounting flush interval  i/o polling process count  page lock promotion HWM  page lock promotion LWM  page lock promotion PCT  maximum dump conditions  number of alarms  number of aux scan descriptors  number of mailboxes  number of messages  number of pre-allocated extents  number of sort buffers  partition groups  partition spinlock ratio  print deadlock information  runnable process search count  size of auto identity column  SQL Perfmon Integration (Windows NT only)  sql server clock tick length  text prefetch size  time slice  upgrade version  row lock promotion HWM  row lock promotion LWM  row lock promotion PCT  license information  Security related  allow procedure grouping  auditing  maximum failed logins  check password for digit  minimum password length  audit queue size  current audit table  enable ssl  msg confidentiality reqd  msg integrity reqd  secure default login  select on syscomments.text column  suspend audit when device full  systemwide password expiration  unified login required (Windows NT only)  use security services (Windows NT only)  enable ldap user auth  Unicode  default unicode sortorder  enable surrogate processing  enable unicode conversion  enable unicode normalization  size of unilib cache  User environment  number of user connections  permission cache entries  stack guard size  stack size  user log cache size  user log cache spinlock ratio  Diagnosing System Problems  How Adaptive Server uses error messages to respond to system problems  Error messages and message numbers  Variables in error message text  Adaptive Server error logging  Error log format  Severity levels  Levels 10–18  Level 10: Status information  Level 11: Specified database object not found  Level 12: Wrong datatype encountered  Level 13: User transaction syntax error  Level 14: Insufficient permission to execute command  Level 15: Syntax error in SQL statement  Level 16: Miscellaneous user error  Level 17: Insufficient resources  Level 18: Non-fatal internal error detected  Severity levels 19–26  Level 19: Adaptive Server fatal error in resource  Level 20: Adaptive Server fatal error in current process  Level 21: Adaptive Server fatal error in database processes  Level 22: Adaptive Server fatal error: Table integrity suspect  Level 24: Hardware error or system table corruption  Level 23: Fatal error: Database integrity suspect  Level 25: Adaptive Server internal error  Level 26: Rule error  Reporting errors  Backup Server error logging  Killing processes  Using sp_lock to examine blocking processes  Housekeeper functionality  Three housekeepers  Housekeeper wash  Housekeeper chores  Housekeeper garbage collection  Running at user priority  Configuring enable housekeeper GC  Using the reorg command  Configuring Adaptive Server to save SQL batch text  Allocating memory for batch text  Configuring the amount of SQL text retained in memory  Enabling Adaptive Server to start saving SQL text  SQL commands not represented by text  Viewing the query plan of a SQL statement  Viewing previous statements  Viewing a nested procedure  Shutting down servers  Shutting down Adaptive Server  Shutting down a Backup Server  Checking for active dumps and loads  Using nowait on a Backup Server  Learning about known problems  Limiting Access to Server Resources  What are resource limits?  Planning resource limits  Enabling resource limits  Defining time ranges  Determining the time ranges you need  Creating named time ranges  A time range example  Modifying a named time range  Dropping a named time range  When do time range changes take effect?  Identifying users and limits  Identifying heavy-usage users  Identifying heavy-usage applications  Choosing a limit type  Determining time of enforcement  Determining the scope of resource limits  Understanding limit types  Limiting I/O cost  Identifying I/O costs  Calculating the I/O cost of a cursor  The scope of the io_cost limit type  Limiting elapsed time  The scope of the elapsed_time limit type  Limiting the size of the result set  Determining row count limits  Applying row count limits to a cursor  The scope of the row_count limit type  Setting limits for tempdb space usage  Creating a resource limit  Resource limit examples  Examples  Getting information on existing limits  Example of listing all existing resource limits  Modifying resource limits  Examples of modifying a resource limit  Dropping resource limits  Examples of dropping a resource limit  Resource limit precedence  Time ranges  Resource limits  Configuring Character Sets, Sort Orders, and Languages  Understanding internationalization and localization  Advantages of internationalized systems  A sample internationalized system  Elements of an internationalized system  Selecting the character set for your server  Unicode  Character set installation  Configuration parameters  Functions  Using unichar columns  Open Client interoperability  Java interoperability  Limitations  Selecting the server default character set  Selecting the sort order  Using sort orders  Different types of sort orders  Selecting the default sort order  Selecting the default Unicode sort order  Selecting a language for system messages  Setting up your server: examples  A Spanish-version server  A U.S.-based company in Japan  A Japan-based company with multinational clients  Changing the character set, sort order, or message language  Changing the default character set  Changing the default sort order  Reconfiguring the character set, sort order, or message language  Unicode examples  Schema  Converting to UTF-8  Converting selected columns to Unichar  Preliminary steps  Setting the user’s default language  Recovery after reconfiguration  Using sp_indsuspect to find corrupt indexes  Rebuilding indexes after changing the sort order  Upgrading text data after changing character sets  Retrieving text values after changing character sets  Installing date strings for unsupported languages  Server versus client date interpretation  Internationalization and localization files  Types of internationalization files  Character sets directory structure  Types of localization files  Software messages directory structure  Message languages and global variables  Configuring Client/Server Character Set Conversions  Character set conversion in Adaptive Server  Supported character set conversions  Conversion for native character sets  Conversion in a Unicode system  Types of character set conversion  Adaptive Server direct conversions  Unicode conversions  Which type of conversion do I use?  Non-Unicode client/server systems  Unicode client/server systems  Configuring the server  Enabling and disabling character set conversion  Characters that cannot be converted  Error handling in character set conversion  Conversions and changes to data lengths  Configuring your system and application  Specifying the character set for utility programs  Display and file character set command-line options  Setting the display character set  Setting the file character set  Security Administration  Security features available in Adaptive Server  General process of security administration  Guidelines for setting up security  Using the “sa” login  Changing the “sa” login password  When to enable auditing  Assigning login names  An example of setting up security  Discretionary access controls  Identification and authentication controls  Identification and authentication controls with network based security  Division of roles  Role hierarchy  Mutual exclusivity  Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) in Adaptive Server  Internet communications overview  Public-key cryptography  SSL overview  SSL in Adaptive Server  SSL filter  Authentication via the certificate  Connection types  Enabling SSL  Obtaining a certificate  Creating server directory entries  Administering certificates  Performance  CipherSuites  Network-based security  Auditing  User-defined login security  Setting and changing the maximum login attempts  Locking and unlocking logins and roles  Displaying password information  Checking passwords for at least one digit  Setting and changing minimum password length  Setting the expiration interval for a password  Password expiration turned off for pre-12.x passwords  Message for impending password expiration  Circumventing password protection  Creating a password expiration interval for a new login  Creating a password expiration interval for a new role  Creation date added for passwords  Changing or removing password expiration interval for login or role  Managing Adaptive Server Logins, Database Users, and Client Connections  Adding new users: An overview  Choosing and creating a password  Adding logins to Adaptive Server  Login failure to Adaptive Server  Creating groups  Adding users to databases  Adding a “guest” user to a database  “guest” user permissions  “guest” user in user databases  “guest” user in pubs2 and pubs3  Creating visitor accounts  Adding remote users  Number of user and login IDs  Limits and ranges of ID numbers  Login connection limitations  Viewing server limits for logins, users, and groups  Creating and assigning roles to users  Planning user-defined roles  Role hierarchies and mutual exclusivity  Configuring user-defined roles  Creating a user-defined role  Adding and removing passwords from a role  Defining and changing mutual exclusivity of roles  Defining and changing a role hierarchy  Setting up default activation at login  Activating and deactivating roles  Dropping users, groups, and user-defined roles  Dropping users  Dropping groups  Dropping user-defined roles  Locking or dropping Adaptive Server login accounts  Locking and unlocking login accounts  Dropping login accounts  Locking logins that own thresholds  Changing user information  Changing passwords  Requiring new passwords  Null passwords  Changing user defaults  Changing a user’s group membership  Changing the user process information  Using aliases in databases  Adding aliases  Dropping aliases  Getting information about aliases  Getting information about users  Getting reports on users and processes  Getting information about login accounts  Getting information about database users  Finding user names and IDs  Displaying information about roles  Finding role IDs and names  Viewing active roles  Displaying a role hierarchy  Viewing user roles in a hierarchy  Determining mutual exclusivity  Determining role activation  Checking for roles in stored procedures  Monitoring license use  How licenses are counted  Configuring License Manager to monitor user licenses  Monitoring license use with the housekeeper task  Logging the number of user licenses  Getting information about usage: chargeback accounting  Reporting current usage statistics  Displaying current accounting totals  Initiating a new accounting interval  Specifying the interval for adding accounting statistics  Creating and managing Adaptive Server logins using LDAP  Setup  Migration  Managing user accounts locally  Failover support  Auditing  Introduction to auditing in Adaptive Server  Correlating Adaptive Server and operating system audit records  The audit system  The sybsecurity database  The audit queue  Auditing configuration parameters  System procedures for auditing  Installing and setting up auditing  Installing the audit system  Tables and devices for the audit trail  Device for the syslogs transaction log table  Installing auditing with installsecurity  Moving the auditing database to multiple devices  Setting up audit trail management  Setting up threshold procedures  Setting auditing configuration parameters  Setting up transaction log management  Truncating the transaction log  Managing the transaction log with no truncation  Enabling and disabling auditing  Single-table auditing  Establishing and managing single-table auditing  Threshold procedure for single-table auditing  What happens when the current audit table is full?  Recovering when the current audit table is full  Setting global auditing options  Auditing options: Types and requirements  Examples of setting auditing options  Determining current auditing settings  Adding user-specified records to the audit trail  Examples of adding user-defined audit records  Querying the audit trail  Understanding the audit tables  Reading the extrainfo column  Managing User Permissions  Overview  Types of users and their privileges  System Administrator privileges  Permissions for creating databases  System Security Officer privileges  Operator privileges  Database Owner privileges  Permissions on system tables  Permissions on system procedures  Changing database ownership  Database object owner privileges  Privileges of other database users  Granting and revoking permissions on database objects  Granting and revoking object access permissions  Concrete identification  Special requirements for SQL92 standard compliance  Examples of granting object access permissions  Examples of revoking object access permissions  Granting and revoking object creation permissions  Examples of granting object creation permissions  Example of revoking object creation permissions  Combining grant and revoke statements  Understanding permission order and hierarchy  Granting and revoking roles  Granting roles  Understanding grant and roles  Revoking roles  Row-level access control  Access rules  Syntax for access rules  Using access and extended access rules  Access rule examples  Access rules and alter table command  Access rules and bcp  Access rules as user-defined Java functions  Using the Application Context Facility  Setting permissions for using application context functions  Creating and using application contexts  set_appcontext  get_appcontext  list_appcontext  rm_appcontext  sys_session system application context  Solving a problem using an access rule and ACF  Using login triggers  Creating login triggers  Configuring login triggers  Executing a login trigger  Understanding login trigger output  Using login triggers for other applications  Login trigger restrictions  Issues and information  Disabling execute privilege on login triggers  Acquiring the permissions of another user  Using setuser  Using proxy authorization  Granting proxy authorization  Executing proxy authorization  Proxy authorization for applications  Reporting on permissions  Querying the sysprotects table for proxy authorization  Displaying information about users and processes  Reporting permissions on database objects or users  Reporting permissions on specific tables  Reporting permissions on specific columns  Using views and stored procedures as security mechanisms  Using views as security mechanisms  Using stored procedures as security mechanisms  Roles and stored procedures  Understanding ownership chains  Example of views and ownership chains  Example of procedures and ownership chains  Permissions on triggers  Managing Remote Servers  Overview  Managing remote servers  Adding a remote server  Examples of adding remote servers  Managing remote server names  Setting server connection options  Using the timeouts option  Using the net password encryption option  Using the rpc security model options  Getting information about servers  Dropping remote servers  Adding remote logins  Mapping users’ server IDs  Mapping remote logins to particular local names  Mapping all remote logins to one local name  Keeping remote login names for local servers  Example of remote user login mapping  Password checking for remote users  Effects of using the untrusted mode  Getting information about remote logins  Configuration parameters for remote logins  Allowing remote access  Controlling the number of active user connections  Controlling the number of remote sites  Controlling the number of active remote connections  Controlling number of preread packets  Using Kerberos, DCE, and Windows NT LAN Manager  Overview  How applications use security services  Login authentication  Message protection  Security services and Adaptive Server  Administering network-based security  Setting up configuration files for security  Preparinglibtcl.cfg to use network-based security  Entries for network drivers  Entries for Directory Services  Entries for security drivers  UNIX platform information  Desktop platform information  The objectid.dat file  Specifying security information for the server  UNIX tools for specifying the security mechanism  Desktop tools for specifying server attributes  Identifying users and servers to the security mechanism  Configuring Adaptive Server for security  Enabling network-based security  Using unified login  Requiring unified login  Establishing a secure default login  Mapping security mechanism login names to server names  Requiring message confidentiality with encryption  Requiring data integrity  Memory requirements for network-based security  Restarting the server to activate security services  Determining security mechanisms to support  CyberSafe Kerberos 5  Starting Adaptive Server under Kerberos  Adding logins to support unified login  General procedure for adding logins  Establishing security for remote procedures  Security model A  Security model B  Unified login and the remote procedure models  Establishing the security model for RPCs  Setting server options for RPC security model B  Rules for setting up security model B for RPCs  Preparing to use security model B for RPCs  Example of setting up security model B for RPCs  Getting information about remote servers  Connecting to the server and using the security services  Example of using security services  Using security mechanisms for the client  Getting information about available security services  Determining supported security services and mechanisms  Determining enabled security services  Determining whether a security service Is enabled  Overview of Disk Resource Issues  Device allocation and object placement  Commands for managing disk resources  Considerations in storage management decisions  Recovery  Keeping logs on a separate device  Mirroring  Performance  Status and defaults at installation time  System tables that manage storage  The sysdevices table  The sysusages table  The syssegments table  The sysindexes table  Initializing Database Devices  What are database devices?  Using the disk init command  disk init syntax  disk init examples  Specifying a logical device name with disk init  Specifying a physical device name with disk init  Choosing a device number for disk init  Specifying the device size with disk init  Specifying the dsync setting with disk init (optional)  Performance implications of dsync  Limitations and restrictions of dsync  Other optional parameters for disk init  Getting information about devices  Dropping devices  Designating default devices  Choosing default and nondefault devices  Increasing the size of devices with disk resize  Using the disk resize command  Insufficient disk space  Device shrinkage  disk resize syntax  Disk resize example  Specifying a logical device name with disk resize  Specifying the device size with disk resize  Mirroring Database Devices  What is disk mirroring?  Deciding what to mirror  Mirroring using minimal physical disk space  Mirroring for nonstop recovery  Conditions that do not disable mirroring  Disk mirroring commands  Initializing mirrors  Unmirroring a device  Temporarily deactivating a device  Permanently disabling a mirror  Effects on system tables  Restarting mirrors  waitfor mirrorexit  Mirroring the master device  Getting information about devices and mirrors  Disk mirroring tutorial  Disk resizing and mirroring  Configuring Memory  Determining memory availability for Adaptive Server  How Adaptive Server allocates memory  Disk space allocation  Larger logical page sizes and buffers  Heap memory  Calculating heap memory  How Adaptive Server uses memory  How much memory does Adaptive Server need?  If you are upgrading  Configuration parameters that affect memory allocation  Dynamically allocating memory  If Adaptive Server cannot start  Dynamically decreasing memory configuration parameters  System procedures for configuring memory  Using sp_configure to set configuration parameters  How much memory is available for dynamic growth?  Using sp_helpconfig to get help on configuration parameters  Using sp_monitorconfig to find metadata cache usage statistics  Major uses of Adaptive Server memory  Adaptive Server executable code size  Data and procedure caches  Determining the procedure cache size  Determining the default data cache size  Monitoring cache space  User connections  Open databases, open indexes, and open objects  Number of locks  Database devices and disk I/O structures  Other parameters that use memory  Parallel processing  Worker processes  Partition groups  Remote servers  Number of remote sites  Other configuration parameters for RPCs  Referential integrity  Other parameters that affect memory  Configuring Data Caches  Adaptive Server’s data cache  Cache configuration commands  Information on data caches  Configuring data caches  Mixing static and dynamic parameters  Creating a new cache  Insufficient space for new cache  Adding memory to an existing named cache  Decreasing the size of a cache  Deleting a cache  Explicitly configuring the default cache  Changing the cache type  Configuring cache replacement policy  Dividing a data cache into memory pools  Matching log I/O size for log caches  Binding objects to caches  Cache binding restrictions  Getting information about cache bindings  Checking cache overhead  How overhead affects total cache space  Dropping cache bindings  Changing the wash area for a memory pool  When the wash area is too small  When the wash area is too large  Changing the asynchronous prefetch limit for a pool  Changing the size of memory pools  Moving space from the memory pool  Moving space from other memory pools  Adding cache partitions  Setting the number of cache partitions with sp_configure  Setting the number of local cache partitions  Precedence  Dropping a memory pool  When pools cannot be dropped due to pages use  Cache binding effects on memory and query plans  Flushing pages from cache  Locking to perform bindings  Cache binding effects on stored procedures and triggers  Configuring data caches with the configuration file  Cache and pool entries in the configuration file  Cache configuration guidelines  Configuration file errors  Managing Multiprocessor Servers  Parallel processing  Definitions  Target architecture  Configuring an SMP environment  Managing engines  Resetting the number of engines  Choosing the right number of engines  Starting and stopping engines  Monitoring engine status  Starting and stopping engines with sp_engine  Taking engines offline with dbcc engine  Managing user connections  Configuration parameters that affect SMP systems  Configuring spinlock ratio parameters  Creating and Managing User Databases  Commands for creating and managing user databases  Permissions for managing user databases  Using the create database command  create database syntax  How create database works  Adding users to databases  Assigning space and devices to databases  Default database size and devices  Estimating the required space  Placing the transaction log on a separate device  Estimating the transaction log size  Default log size and device  Moving the transaction log to another device  Using the for load option for database recovery  Using the with override option with create database  Changing database ownership  Using the alter database command  alter database syntax  Using the drop database command  System tables that manage space allocation  The sysusages table  The segmap column  The lstart, size, and vstart columns  Getting information about database storage  Database device names and options  Checking the amount of space used  Checking space used in a database  Checking summary information for a table  Checking information for a table and its indexes  Querying system table for space usage information  Database Mount and Unmount  Manifest file  Considerations  Device allocation  Moving a database  Copying a database  Performance considerations  System restrictions  Configuration restrictions  Logical restrictions  Device verification  Commands  unmounting a database  Mounting a database  Renaming devices  Destination changes  quiesce database extension  Examples  Setting Database Options  What are database options?  Using the sp_dboption procedure  Database option descriptions  abort tran on log full  allow nulls by default  auto identity  dbo use only  ddl in tran  identity in nonunique index  no chkpt on recovery  no free space acctg  read only  select into/bulkcopy/pllsort  single user  trunc log on chkpt  unique auto_identity index  Changing database options  Viewing the options on a database  Creating and Using Segments  What is a segment?  System-defined segments  Commands and procedures for managing segments  Why use segments?  Controlling space usage  Improving performance  Separating tables, indexes, and logs  Splitting tables  Moving a table to another device  Creating segments  Changing the scope of segments  Extending the scope of segments  Automatically extending the scope of a segment  Reducing the scope of a segment  Assigning database objects to segments  Creating new objects on segments  Placing existing objects on segments  Placing text pages on a separate device  Creating clustered indexes on segments  Dropping segments  Getting information about segments  sp_helpsegment  sp_helpdb  sp_help and sp_helpindex  Segments and system tables  A segment tutorial  Segments and clustered indexes  Using the reorg Command  reorg subcommands  When to run a reorg command  Using the optdiag utility to assess the need for a reorg  Space reclamation without the reorg command  Moving forwarded rows to home pages  Using reorg compact to remove row forwarding  Reclaiming unused space from deletes and updates  Reclaiming unused space and undoing row forwarding  Rebuilding a table  Prerequisites for running reorg rebuild  Changing space management settings before using reorg rebuild  Using the reorg rebuild command on indexes  Syntax  Comments  Limitations  How indexes are rebuilt with reorg rebuild indexname  Space requirements for rebuilding an index  Performance characteristics  Status messages  resume and time options for reorganizing large tables  Specifying no_of_minutes in the time option  Checking Database Consistency  What is the database consistency checker?  Understanding page and object allocation concepts  Understanding the object allocation map (OAM)  Understanding page linkage  What checks can be performed with dbcc?  Checking consistency of databases and tables  dbcc checkstorage  Advantages of using dbcc checkstorage  Comparison of dbcc checkstorage and other dbcc commands  Understanding the dbcc checkstorage operation  Performance and scalability  dbcc checktable  dbcc checkdb  Checking page allocation  dbcc checkalloc  dbcc indexalloc  dbcc tablealloc  Correcting allocation errors using the fix | nofix option  Generating reports with dbcc tablealloc and dbcc indexalloc  Checking consistency of system tables  Strategies for using consistency checking commands  Comparing the performance of dbcc commands  Using large I/O and asynchronous prefetch  Scheduling database maintenance at your site  Database use  Backup schedule  Size of tables and importance of data  Understanding the output from dbcc commands  Errors generated by database consistency problems  Comparison of soft and hard faults  Soft faults  Hard faults  Verifying faults with dbcc checkverify  How dbcc checkverify works  When to use dbcc checkverify  How to use dbcc checkverify  Dropping a damaged database  Preparing to use dbcc checkstorage  Planning resources  Examples of sp_plan_dbccdb output  Planning workspace size  Configuring Adaptive Server for dbcc checkstorage  Configuring worker processes  Setting up a named cache for dbcc  Configuring an 8-page I/O buffer pool  Allocating disk space for dbccdb  Segments for workspaces  Creating the dbccdb database  Updating the dbcc_config table  Maintaining dbccdb  Reevaluating and updating dbccdb configuration  Cleaning up dbccdb  Removing workspaces  Performing consistency checks on dbccdb  Generating reports from dbccdb  To report a summary of dbcc checkstorage operations  To report configuration, statistics and fault information  To see configuration information for a target database  To compare results of dbcc checkstorage operations  To report faults found in a database object  To report statistics information from dbcc_counter  Using grant dbcc and revoke dbcc  Server-wide and database-specific dbcc commands  Storing grant and revoke protection information  dbcc grantees and users in databases  Developing a Backup and Recovery Plan  Keeping track of database changes  Getting information about the transaction log  Synchronizing a database and its log: checkpoints  Setting the recovery interval  Automatic checkpoint procedure  Checkpoint after user database upgrade  Truncating the log after automatic checkpoints  Free checkpoints  Manually requesting a checkpoint  Automatic recovery after a system failure or shutdown  Determining whether messages are displayed during recovery  Fast recovery  Adaptive Server start-up sequence  Bringing engines online early  Parallel recovery  max concurrently recovered db  Database recovery enhancements  Recovery order  Parallel checkpoints  number of checkpoint tasks  Recovery state  Tuning for fast recovery  Database layout  Runtime configuration suggestions  Recovery time suggestions  User-defined database recovery order  Using sp_dbrecovery_order  Changing or deleting the recovery position of a database  Listing the user-assigned recovery order of databases  Fault isolation during recovery  Persistence of offline pages  Configuring recovery fault isolation  Isolating suspect pages  Raising the number of suspect pages allowed  Getting information about offline databases and pages  Bringing offline pages online  Index-level fault isolation for data-only-locked tables  Side effects of offline pages  Recovery strategies using recovery fault isolation  Reload strategy  Repair strategy  Assessing the extent of corruption  Using the dump and load commands  Making routine database dumps: dump database  Making routine transaction log dumps: dump transaction  Copying the log after device failure: dump tran with no_truncate  Restoring the entire database: load database  Applying changes to the database: load transaction  Making the database available to users: online database  Moving a database to another Adaptive Server  Upgrading a user database  Using the special dump transaction options  Using the special load options to identify dump files  Restoring a database from backups  Suspending and resuming updates to databases  Guidelines for using quiesce database  Maintaining server roles in a primary and secondary relationship  Starting the secondary server with the -q option  “in quiesce” database log record value updated  Updating the dump sequence number  Backing up primary devices with quiesce database  Recovery of databases for warm standby method  Making archived copies during the quiescent state  Using mount and unmount commands  Manifest file  Performance considerations  System restrictions  Unmounting the database  Mounting a database  Renaming devices  quiesce database  Creating a mountable copy of a database  Moving databases from one Adaptive Server to another  Designating responsibility for backups  Using the Backup Server for backup and recovery  Relationship between Adaptive Server and Backup Servers  Communicating with the Backup Server  Mounting a new volume  Starting and stopping Backup Server  Configuring your server for remote access  Choosing backup media  Protecting backup tapes from being overwritten  Dumping to files or disks  Creating logical device names for local dump devices  Listing the current device names  Adding a backup device  Redefining a logical device name  Scheduling backups of user databases  Scheduling routine backups  Other times to back up a database  Dumping a user database after upgrading  Dumping a database after creating an index  Dumping a database after unlogged operations  Dumping a database when the log has been truncated  Scheduling backups of master  Dumping master after each change  Saving scripts and system tables  Truncating the master database transaction log  Avoiding volume changes and recovery  Scheduling backups of the model database  Truncating the model database’s transaction log  Scheduling backups of the sybsystemprocs database  Configuring Adaptive Server for simultaneous loads  Gathering backup statistics  Backing Up and Restoring User Databases  Dump and load command syntax  Specifying the database and dump device  Rules for specifying database names  Rules for specifying dump devices  Tape device determination by backup server  Tape sevice configuration file  Specifying the compress option  Backup Server dump files and compressed dumps  Loading databases and transaction logs dumped with compress option  Specifying a remote Backup Server  Specifying tape density, block size, and capacity  Overriding the default density  Overriding the default block size  Specifying a higher block size value  Specifying tape capacity for dump commands  Non-rewinding tape functionality for Backup Server  Dump label changes  Tape operations  Dump version compatibility  Specifying the volume name  Loading from a multifile volume  Identifying a dump  Improving dump or load performance  Compatibility with prior versions  Labels stored in integer format  Configuring system resources  Setting shared memory usage  Setting maximum number of stripes  Setting maximum number of network connections  Setting maximum number of service threads  Specifying additional dump devices: the stripe on clause  Dumping to multiple devices  Loading from multiple devices  Using fewer devices to load than to dump  Specifying the characteristics of individual devices  Tape handling options  Specifying whether to dismount the tape  Rewinding the tape  Protecting dump files from being overwritten  Reinitializing a volume before a dump  Dumping multiple databases to a single volume  Overriding the default message destination  Bringing databases online with standby_access  When do I use with standby_access?  Bring databases online with standby_access  Getting information about dump files  Requesting dump header information  Determining the database, device, file name, and date  Copying the log after a device failure  Truncating a log that is not on a separate segment  Truncating the log in early development environments  Truncating a log that has no free space  Dangers of using with truncate_only and with no_log  Providing enough log space  The syslogshold table  Responding to volume change requests  sp_volchanged syntax  Volume change prompts for dumps  Volume change prompts for loads  Recovering a database: step-by-step instructions  Getting a current dump of the transaction log  Examining the space usage  Dropping the databases  Dropping the failed devices  Initializing new devices  Re-creating the databases  Loading the database  Loading the transaction logs  Loading a transaction log to a point in time  Bringing the databases online  Replicated databases  Loading database dumps from older versions  How to upgrade a dump to Adaptive Server  The database offline status bit  Version identifiers  Cache bindings and loading databases  Databases and cache bindings  Database objects and cache bindings  Checking on cache bindings  Cross-database constraints and loading databases  Restoring the System Databases  What does recovering a system database entail?  Symptoms of a damaged master database  Recovering the master database  About the recovery process  Summary of recovery procedure  Step 1: Find copies of system tables  Step 2: Build a new master device  Step 3: Start Adaptive Server in master-recover mode  Step 4: Re-create device allocations for master  Determining which allocations are on the master device  Creating additional allocations  Step 5: Check your Backup Server sysservers information  Step 6: Verify that your Backup Server is running  Step 7: Load a backup of master  Step 8: Update the number of devices configuration parameter  Step 9: Restart Adaptive Server in master-recover mode  Step 10: Check system tables to verify current backup of master  Step 11: Restart Adaptive Server  Step 12: Restore server user IDs  Step 13: Restore the model database  Step 14: Check Adaptive Server  Step 15: Back up master  Recovering the model database  Restoring the generic model database  Restoring model from a backup  Restoring model with no backup  Recovering the sybsystemprocs database  Restoring sybsystemprocs with installmaster  Restoring sybsystemprocs with load database  Restoring system tables with disk reinit and disk refit  Restoring sysdevices with disk reinit  Restoring sysusages and sysdatabase with disk refit  Automatic Database Expansion  Introduction  Understanding disks, devices, databases, and segments  Threshold action procedures  Installing automatic database expansion procedures  Using the stored procedure  Command options in the sp_dbextend interface  Dropping the threshold action procedure  Testing the process with sp_dbextend  Setting up the pubs2 database for automatic expansion  Changes to existing procedures and system tables  Restrictions and limitations  Managing Free Space with Thresholds  Monitoring free space with the last-chance threshold  Crossing the threshold  Controlling how often sp_thresholdaction executes  Rollback records and the last-chance threshold  Calculating the space for rollback records  Using lct_admin to determine the free log space  Determining the current space for rollback records  Effect of rollback records on the last-chance threshold  User-defined thresholds  Last-chance threshold and user log caches for shared log and data segments  Reaching last-chance threshold suspends transactions  Using lct_admin abort to abort suspended transactions  lct_admin abort syntax  Getting the process ID for the oldest open transaction  Using alter database when the master database reaches the last-chance threshold  Automatically aborting or suspending processes  Using abort tran on log full to abort transactions  Waking suspended processes  Adding, changing, and deleting thresholds  Displaying information about existing thresholds  Thresholds and system tables  Adding a free-space threshold  Changing a free-space threshold  Specifying a new last-chance threshold procedure  Dropping a threshold  Creating a free-space threshold for the log segment  Adding a log threshold at 45 percent of log size  Testing and adjusting the new threshold  Creating additional thresholds on other segments  Determining threshold placement  Creating threshold procedures  Declaring procedure parameters  Generating error log messages  Dumping the transaction log  A simple threshold procedure  A more complex procedure  Deciding where to put a threshold procedure  Disabling free-space accounting for data segments  Transact-SQL User's Guide  About this book  SQL Building Blocks  SQL in Adaptive Server  Queries, data modification, and commands  Tables, columns, and rows  The relational operations  Compiled objects  Saving source text  Restoring source text  Verifying and encrypting source text  Naming conventions  SQL data characters  SQL language characters  Identifiers  Using multibyte character sets  Delimited identifiers  Uniqueness and qualification conventions  Identifying remote servers  Expressions in Adaptive Server  Arithmetic and character expressions  Operator precedence  Arithmetic operators  Bitwise operators  The String concatenation operator  The comparison operators  Nonstandard operators  Comparing character expressions  Using the empty string  Including quotation marks in character expressions  Relational and logical expressions  Using any, all, and in  Connecting expressions with and and or  Transact-SQL extensions  The compute clause  Control-of-flow language  Stored procedures  Extended stored procedures  Triggers  Defaults and rules  Error handling and set options  Additional Adaptive Server extensions to SQL  Compliance to ANSI standards  Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) flagger  Chained transactions and isolation levels  Identifiers  Delimited identifiers  SQL standard-style comments  Right truncation of character strings  Permissions required for update and delete statements  Arithmetic errors  Synonymous keywords  Treatment of nulls  Adaptive Server login accounts  Group membership  Role membership  Getting information about your Adaptive Server account  Changing your password  Understanding remote logins  Changing your password on a remote server  How to use Transact-SQL with the isql utility  Default databases  Using network-based security services with isql  Logging out of isql  Using the pubs2 and pubs3 sample databases  What is in the sample databases?  Queries: Selecting Data from a Table  What are queries?  select syntax  Choosing columns: the select clause  Choosing all columns: select *  Choosing specific columns  Rearranging the order of columns  Renaming columns in query results  Expressions  Quoted strings in column headings  Character strings in query results  Computed values in the select list  Arithmetic operator precedence  Selecting text and image values  Using readtext  Select list summary  Eliminating duplicate query results with distinct  Specifying tables: the from clause  Selecting rows: the where clause  Comparison operators  Ranges (between and not between)  Lists (in and not in)  Pattern matching  Matching character strings: like  Using not like  not like and ^ may give different results  Using wildcard characters as literal characters  Interaction of wildcard characters and square brackets  Trailing blanks and %  Using wildcard characters in columns  Character strings and quotation marks  “Unknown” values: NULL  Testing a column for null values  Difference between FALSE and UNKNOWN  Substituting a value for NULLs  Expressions that evaluate to NULL  Concatenating strings and NULL  System-generated NULLs  Connecting conditions with logical operators  Logical operator precedence  Using Aggregates, Grouping, and Sorting  Using aggregate functions  Aggregate functions and datatypes  count vs. count (*)  Using aggregate functions with distinct  Null values and the aggregate functions  Organizing query results into groups: the group by clause  group by syntax  group by and SQL standards  Nesting groups with group by  Referencing other columns in queries using group by  Expressions and group by  Nesting aggregates with group by  Null values and group by  where clause and group by  group by and all  Using aggregates without group by  Selecting groups of data: the having clause  How the having, group by, and where clauses interact  Using having without group by  Sorting query results: the order by clause  order by and group by  order by and group by used with select distinct  Summarizing groups of data: the compute clause  Row aggregates and compute  Rules for compute clauses  Specifying more than one column after compute  Using more than one compute clause  Applying an aggregate to more than one column  Using different aggregates in the same compute clause  Grand values: compute without by  Combining queries: the union operator  Guidelines for union queries  Using union with other Transact-SQL commands  Subqueries: Using Queries Within Other Queries  How subqueries work  Subquery syntax  Subquery restrictions  Example of using a subquery  Qualifying column names  Subqueries with correlation names  Multiple levels of nesting  Subqueries in update, delete, and insert statements  Subqueries in conditional statements  Using subqueries instead of expressions  Types of subqueries  Expression subqueries  Using scalar aggregate functions to guarantee a single value  group by and having in expression subqueries  Using distinct with expression subqueries  Quantified predicate subqueries  Subqueries with any and all  Subqueries used with in  Subqueries used with not in  Subqueries using not in with NULL  Subqueries used with exists  Subqueries used with not exists  Finding intersection and difference with exists  Subqueries using SQL derived tables  Using correlated subqueries  Correlated subqueries containing Transact-SQL outer joins  Correlated subqueries with correlation names  Correlated subqueries with comparison operators  Correlated subqueries in a having clause  SQL Derived Tables  Differences from abstract plan derived tables  How SQL derived tables work  Advantages of SQL derived tables  SQL derived tables and optimization  SQL derived table syntax  Derived column lists  Correlated SQL derived tables  Using SQL derived tables  Nesting  Subqueries using SQL derived tables  Unions  Unions in subqueries  Renaming columns with SQL derived tables  Constant expressions  Aggregate functions  Joins with SQL derived tables  Creating a table from a SQL derived table  Using views with SQL derived tables  Correlated attributes  Joins: Retrieving Data from Several Tables  How joins work  Join syntax  Joins and the relational model  How joins are structured  The from clause  The where clause  Join operators  Datatypes in join columns  Joins and text and image columns  How joins are processed  Equijoins and natural joins  Joins with additional conditions  Joins not based on equality  Self-joins and correlation names  The not-equal join  Not-equal joins and subqueries  Joining more than two tables  Outer joins  Inner and outer tables  Outer join restrictions  Views used with outer joins  ANSI Inner and outer joins  Correlation name and column referencing rules for ANSI joins  ANSI inner joins  ANSI outer joins  Should the predicate be in the on or where clause?  Nested ANSI outer joins  Converting outer joins with join-order dependency  Transact-SQL outer joins  How null values affect joins  Determining which table columns to join  Using and Creating Datatypes  How Transact-SQL datatypes work  Using system-supplied datatypes  Exact numeric types: integers  Exact numeric types: decimal numbers  Approximate numeric datatypes  Money datatypes  Date and time datatypes  Character datatypes  Unichar datatype  text datatype  Binary datatypes  image datatype  The bit datatype  The timestamp datatype  The sysname datatype  Converting between datatypes  Mixed-mode arithmetic and datatype hierarchy  Working with money datatypes  Determining precision and scale  Creating user-defined datatypes  Specifying length, precision, and scale  Specifying null type  Associating rules and defaults with user-defined datatypes  Creating a user-defined datatype with the IDENTITY property  Creating IDENTITY columns from other user-defined datatypes  Dropping a user-defined datatype  Getting information about datatypes  Creating Databases and Tables  What are databases and tables?  Enforcing data integrity in databases  Permissions within databases  Using and creating databases  Choosing a database: use  Creating a user database: create database  The on clause  The log on clause  The for load option  Altering the sizes of databases  Dropping databases  Creating tables  Maximum number of columns per table  Example of creating a table  Choosing table names  create table syntax  Allowing null values  Constraints and rules used with null values  Defaults and null values  Nulls require variable length datatypes  text and image columns  Using IDENTITY columns  Creating IDENTITY columns with user-defined datatypes  Referencing IDENTITY columns  Referring to IDENTITY columns with syb_identity  Creating “hidden” IDENTITY columns automatically  Using temporary tables  Ensuring that the temporary table name is unique  Manipulating temporary tables in stored procedures  General rules on temporary tables  Creating tables in different databases  Managing identity gaps in tables  Parameters for controlling identity gaps  Comparison of identity burning set factor and identity_gap  Example of using identity burning set factor  Example of using identity_gap  Setting the table-specific identity gap  Setting identity gap with create table  Setting identity gap with select into  Changing the table-specific identity gap  Displaying table-specific identity gap information  Gaps due to insertions, deletions, identity grab size, and rollbacks  If table inserts reach the IDENTITY column’s maximum value  Defining integrity constraints for tables  Specifying table-level or column-level constraints  Creating error messages for constraints  After creating a check constraint  Specifying default column values  Specifying unique and primary key constraints  Specifying referential integrity constraints  Table-level or column-level referential integrity constraints  Maximum number of references allowed for a table  Using create schema for cross-referencing constraints  General rules for creating referential integrity constraints  Specifying check constraints  Designing applications that use referential integrity  How to design and create a table  Make a design sketch  Create the user-defined datatypes  Choose the columns that accept null values  Define the table  Creating new tables from query results: select into  Checking for errors  Using select into with IDENTITY columns  Selecting an IDENTITY column into a new table  Selecting the IDENTITY column more than once  Adding a new IDENTITY column with select into  Defining a column whose value must be computed  IDENTITY columns selected into tables with unions or joins  Altering existing tables  Objects using select * do not list changes to table  Using alter table on remote tables  Adding columns  Adding columns appends column IDs  Adding NOT NULL columns  Adding constraints  Dropping columns  Dropping columns renumbers the column ID  Dropping constraints  Modifying columns  Which datatypes can I convert?  Modifying tables may prevent successful bulk copy of previous dump  Decreasing column length may truncate data  Modifying datetime columns  Modifying the NULL default value of a column  Modifying columns that have precision or scale  Modifying text and image columns  Adding, dropping, and modifying IDENTITY columns  Adding IDENTITY columns  Dropping IDENTITY columns  Modifying IDENTITY columns  Data copying  Changing exp_row_size  Modifying locking schemes and table schema  Altering columns with user defined datatypes  Adding a column with user-defined datatypes  Dropping a column with user-defined datatypes  Modifying a column with user-defined datatypes  Errors and warnings from alter table  Errors and warnings generated by alter table modify  Scripts generated by if exists()...alter table  Renaming tables and other objects  Renaming dependent objects  Dropping tables  Assigning permissions to users  Getting information about databases and tables  Getting help on databases  Getting help on database objects  Using sp_help on database objects  Using sp_helpconstraint to find a table’s constraint information  Finding out how much space a table uses  Listing tables, columns, and datatypes  Finding an object name and ID  Adding, Changing, and Deleting Data  Introduction  Permissions  Referential integrity  Transactions  Using the sample databases  Datatype entry rules  char, nchar, unichar, univarchar, varchar, nvarchar, and text  date and time data types  Entering times  Entering dates  Searching for dates and times  binary, varbinary, and image  money and smallmoney  float, real, and double precision  decimal and numeric  int, smallint, and tinyint  timestamp  Adding new data  insert syntax  Adding new rows with values  Inserting data into specific columns  Restricting column data: rules  Using the NULL character string  NULL is not an empty string  Inserting NULLs into columns that do not allow them  Adding rows without values in all columns  Changing a column’s value to NULL  Adaptive Server-generated values for IDENTITY columns  Explicitly inserting data into an IDENTITY column  Retrieving IDENTITY column values with @@identity  Reserving a block of IDENTITY column values  Reaching the IDENTITY column’s maximum value  Adding new rows with select  Computed columns  Inserting data into some columns  Inserting data from the same table  Changing existing data  update syntax  Using the set clause with update  Assigning variables in the set clause  Using the where clause with update  Using the from clause with update  Updates with joins  Updating IDENTITY columns  Changing text and image data  Deleting data  Using the from clause with delete  Deleting from IDENTITY columns  Deleting all rows from a table  truncate table syntax  Views: Limiting Access to Data  How views work  Advantages of views  Security  Logical data independence  View examples  Creating views  create view syntax  Using the select statement with create view  View definition with projection  View definition with a computed column  View definition with an aggregate or built-in function  View definition with a join  Views used with outer joins  Views derived from other views  distinct views  Views that include IDENTITY columns  After creating a view  Validating a view’s selection criteria using with check option  Views derived from other views  Retrieving data through views  View resolution  Redefining views  Renaming views  Altering or dropping underlying objects  Modifying data through views  Restrictions on updating views  Computed columns in a view definition  group by or compute in a view definition  NULL values in underlying objects  Views created using with check option  Multitable views  Views with IDENTITY columns  Dropping views  Using views as security mechanisms  Getting information about views  Getting help on views with sp_help  Using sp_helptext to display view information  Using sp_depends to list dependent objects  Listing all views in a database  Finding an object name and ID  Using the Built-In Functions in Queries  System functions that return database information  Examples of using system functions  col_length  datalength  isnull  user_name  String functions used for character strings or expressions  Examples of using string functions  charindex, patindex  str  stuff  soundex, difference  substring  Examples of other string functions  Concatenation  Concatenation and the empty string  Nested string functions  Text functions used for text and image data  Readtext  Examples of using text functions  Aggregate functions  Mathematical functions  Examples of using mathematical functions  Date functions  Get current date: getdate  Find date parts as numbers or names  Calculate intervals or increment dates  Add date interval: dateadd  Datatype conversion functions  Using the general purpose conversion function: convert  Conversion rules  Converting character data to a noncharacter type  Converting from one character type to another  Converting numbers to a character type  Rounding during conversion to or from money types  Converting date and time information  Converting between numeric types  Converting binary-like data  Converting hexadecimal data  Converting image data to binary or varbinary  Converting between binary and numeric or decimal types  Conversion errors  Arithmetic overflow and divide-by-zero errors  Scale errors  Domain errors  Security functions  Creating Indexes on Tables  How indexes work  Comparing the two ways to create indexes  Guidelines for Using Indexes  When to index  When not to index  Creating indexes  create index syntax  Indexing more than one column: Composite indexes  Using the unique option  Including IDENTITY columns in nonunique indexes  Ascending and descending index-column values  Using fillfactor, max_rows_per_page, and reservepagegap  Using clustered or nonclustered indexes  Creating clustered indexes on segments  Creating clustered indexes on partitioned tables  Specifying index options  Using the ignore_dup_key option  Using the ignore_dup_row and allow_dup_row options  Using the sorted_data option  Using the on segment_name option  Dropping indexes  Determining what indexes exist on a table  Updating statistics about indexes  Updating partition statistics  Defining Defaults and Rules for Data  How defaults and rules work  Creating defaults  create default syntax  Binding defaults  Unbinding defaults  How defaults affect NULL values  After creating a default  Dropping defaults  Creating rules  create rule syntax  Binding rules  Rules bound to columns  Rules bound to user-defined datatypes  Precedence of rules  Rules and NULL values  After defining a rule  Unbinding rules  Dropping rules  Getting information about defaults and rules  Using Batches and Control-of-Flow Language  Introduction  Rules associated with batches  Examples of using batches  Batches submitted as files  Using control-of-flow language  if...else  case expression  Using case expression for alternative representation  case and division by zero  Using rand() functions in case expressions  case expression results  case expression requires at least one non-null result  case  case and value comparisons  coalesce  nullif  begin...end  while and break...continue  declare and local variables  goto  return  print  raiserror  Creating messages for print and raiserror  waitfor  Comments  Slash-asterisk style comments  Double-hyphen style comments  Local variables  Declaring local variables  Local variables and select statements  Local variables and update statements  Local variables and subqueries  Local variables and while loops and if…else blocks  Variables and null values  Global variables  Transactions and global variables  Checking for errors with @@error  Checking IDENTITY values with @@identity  Checking the transaction nesting level with @@trancount  Checking the transaction state with @@transtate  Checking the nesting level with @@nestlevel  Checking the status from the last fetch  Global variables affected by set options  Language and character set information in global variables  Global variables for monitoring system activity  Server information stored in global variables  Global variables and text and image data  Using Stored Procedures  How stored procedures work  Examples of creating and using stored procedures  Stored procedures and permissions  Stored Procedures and Performance  Creating and executing stored procedures  Parameters  Default parameters  Using default parameters in stored procedures  NULL as the default parameter  Wildcard characters in the default parameter  Using more than one parameter  Procedure groups  Using with recompile in create procedure  Using with recompile in execute  Nesting procedures within procedures  Using temporary tables in stored procedures  Setting options in stored procedures  Arguments for stored procedures  Length of expressions, variables, and SP arguments  After creating a stored procedure  Executing stored procedures  Executing procedures after a time delay  Executing procedures remotely  Returning information from stored procedures  Return status  Reserved return status values  User-generated return values  Checking roles in procedures  Return parameters  Passing values in parameters  The output keyword  Restrictions associated with stored procedures  Qualifying names inside procedures  Renaming stored procedures  Renaming objects referenced by procedures  Using stored procedures as security mechanisms  Dropping stored procedures  System procedures  Executing system procedures  Permissions on system procedures  Types of system procedures  System procedures for auditing  System procedures used for security administration  System procedures used for remote servers  System procedures for managing databases  System procedures used for data definition and database objects  System procedures used for user-defined messages  System procedures for languages  System procedures used for device management  System procedures used for backup and recovery  System procedures used for configuration and tuning  System procedures used for system administration  System procedures for upgrade  Other Sybase-supplied procedures  Catalog stored procedures  System extended stored procedures  dbcc procedures  Getting information about stored procedures  Getting a report with sp_help  Viewing the source text of a procedure with sp_helptext  Identifying dependent objects with sp_depends  Identifying permissions with sp_helprotect  Using Extended Stored Procedures  Overview  XP Server  Dynamic Link Library Support  Open Server API  Example of creating and using ESPs  ESPs and Permissions  ESPs and Performance  Setting Priority  Freeing Memory  Creating functions for ESPs  Files for ESP Development  Open Server data structures  SRV_PROC  CS_SERVERMSG  CS_DATAFMT  Open Server return codes  Outline of a simple ESP function  Multithreading  ESP function example  Building the DLL  Search order for DLLs  Sample makefile (UNIX)  Sample makefile (Windows NT)  Sample definitions file  Registering ESPs  Using create procedure  Using sp_addextendedproc  Removing ESPs  Renaming ESPs  Executing ESPs  System ESPs  Getting information about ESPs  ESP exceptions and messages  Starting XP Server manually  Triggers: Enforcing Referential Integrity  How triggers work  Using triggers vs. integrity constraints  Creating triggers  create trigger syntax  SQL statements that are not allowed in triggers  Using triggers to maintain referential integrity  Testing data modifications against the trigger test tables  Insert trigger example  Delete trigger examples  Cascading delete example  Restricted delete examples  Update trigger examples  Restricted update triggers  Updating a foreign key  Multirow considerations  Insert trigger example using multiple rows  Delete trigger example using multiple rows  Update trigger example using multiple rows  Conditional insert trigger example using multiple rows  Rolling back triggers  Nesting triggers  Trigger self-recursion  Rules associated with triggers  Triggers and permissions  Trigger restrictions  Implicit and explicit null values  Triggers and performance  set commands in triggers  Renaming and triggers  Trigger tips  Disabling triggers  Dropping triggers  Getting information about triggers  sp_help  sp_helptext  sp_depends  Cursors: Accessing Data Row by Row  How cursors work  How Adaptive Server processes cursors  Declaring cursors  declare cursor syntax  Types of cursors  Cursor scope  Cursor scans and the cursor result set  Making cursors updatable  Determining which columns can be updated  Opening cursors  Fetching data rows using cursors  fetch syntax  Checking the cursor status  Getting multiple rows with each fetch  Checking the number of rows fetched  Updating and deleting rows using cursors  Updating cursor result set rows  Deleting cursor result set rows  Closing and deallocating cursors  An example using a cursor  Using cursors in stored procedures  Cursors and locking  Cursor locking options  Getting information about cursors  Using browse mode instead of cursors  Browsing a table  Browse-mode restrictions  Timestamping a new table for browsing  Timestamping an existing table  Comparing timestamp values  Join cursor processing and data modifications  Updates and deletes that can affect the cursor position  Cursor positioning after a delete or update command without joins  Effects of updates and deletes on join cursors  Effects of join column buffering on join cursors  Effects of column buffering during cursor scans  Recommendations  Transactions: Maintaining Data Consistency and Recovery  How transactions work  Transactions and consistency  Transactions and recovery  Using transactions  Allowing data definition commands in transactions  System procedures that are not allowed in transactions  Beginning and committing transactions  Rolling back and saving transactions  Checking the state of transactions  Nested transactions  Example of a transaction  Selecting the transaction mode and isolation level  Choosing a transaction mode  Transaction modes and nested transactions  Finding the status of the current transaction mode  Choosing an isolation level  Default isolation levels for Adaptive Server and SQL92  Dirty reads  Repeatable reads  Finding the status of the current isolation level  Changing the isolation level for a query  Isolation level precedences  Cursors and isolation levels  Stored procedures and isolation levels  Triggers and isolation levels  Compliance with SQL standards  Using the lock table command to improve performance  Syntax of the lock table command  Using the wait/nowait options of the lock table command  Using transactions in stored procedures and triggers  Errors and transaction rollbacks  Transaction modes and stored procedures  Setting transaction modes for stored procedures  Using cursors in transactions  Issues to consider when using transactions  Backup and recovery of transactions  Locking Commands and Options  Setting a time limit on waiting for locks  wait/nowait option of the lock table command  Setting a session-level lock-wait limit  Setting a server-wide lock-wait limit  Information on the number of lock-wait timeouts  Readpast locking for queue processing  Readpast syntax  Incompatible locks during readpast queries  Allpages-locked tables and readpast queries  Effects of isolation levels select queries with readpast  Session-level transaction isolation levels and readpast  Query-level isolation levels and readpast  Data modification commands with readpast and isolation levels  text and image columns and readpast  Readpast-locking examples  The pubs2 Database  Tables in the pubs2 database  publishers table  authors table  titles table  titleauthor table  salesdetail table  sales table  stores table  roysched table  discounts table  blurbs table  au_pix table  Diagram of the pubs2 database  The pubs3 Database  Tables in the pubs3 database  publishers table  authors table  titles table  titleauthor table  salesdetail table  sales table  stores table  store_employees table  roysched table  discounts table  blurbs table  Diagram of the pubs3 database  Troubleshooting and Error Messages Guide  About this book  Audience  What This Guide Contains  Related Documents  Changes to This Book  Your Comments About this Book  Style Conventions  Style Conventions in Text  SQL Syntax Conventions  Electronic Information Sources  If You Need Help  System Database Recovery  Ensuring Recoverability  Finding the Appropriate Recovery Scenario  master Database Is Corrupt and Adaptive Server Does Not Start  Valid Dump of the master Database Exists  Valid Dump of the master Database Does Not Exist  master Database Is Corrupt and Adaptive Server Starts  Valid Dump of the master Database Exists  Valid Dump of the master Database Does Not Exist  Master Device Is Lost and Valid Dump Exists  Valid Dump with Default Sort Order  ASE 12.5 and Later  ASE 12.0.x and Earlier  Valid Dump with Non-Default Sort Order  Master Device Is Lost and Valid Dump Does Not Exist  The model Database Is Lost or Corrupted  ASE 12.5.x and Later  ASE 12.0.x and Earlier  Non-Master Device Containing Pieces of tempdb Is Lost  Master Device Is Going Bad  Adaptive Server Does Not Start After Altering Configuration  Manually Rebuilding Adaptive Server with bcp  Checklist  Considerations  Steps for Rebuilding Adaptive Server  Copy the System Tables to Files  Get Configuration Information and Shut Down the Server  Create New Master Device and Edit the run_server File  Bring Up the Server in Single-User Mode  Copy the Files into the System Tables  Shut Down/Bring Up Adaptive Server in Single-User Mode  Run the Install Scripts for master and model  Shut Down/Bring Up the Server in Multi-User Mode  Verify the Results and Test Applications  If You Cannot Use bcp or a Dump  Encyclopedia of Tasks  Disaster Recovery Tasks  How to Build a New Master Device  ASE 12.5 and Later  ASE 12.0.x and Earlier  How to Rebuild master Database and Leave Master Device Intact  ASE 12.5 and Later  ASE 12.0.x and Earlier  How to Start Adaptive Server in Single-User Mode  Returning Adaptive Server to Multiuser Mode  How to Run the installmaster and installmodel Scripts  How to Load the master Database from Backup  How to Restore System Table Information in master Database  Restoring Device and Database Information in the System Catalog  Re-establishing Adaptive Server Logins  How to Alter the number of devices Parameter Manually  How to Alter tempdb  How to Alter the model Database  How to Reset Adaptive Server to Its Default Configuration  How to Set A Default Backup Server Manually in Adaptive Server  How to Fix Problems Encountered by Disk Refit  Problem 1: Duplicate Keys  Problem 2: Deleted Database dbid  Problem 3: Allocation Pages from Deleted Database  Problem 4: Incomplete sysusages Entries  Queries to Find Suspect sysusages Entries  Avoiding Disaster through Good DBA Practices  Online Recovery and Recovery Fault Isolation  Background  Online Recovery Concepts  Recovery from Backups  Suiciding the Log  Recovery With RFI  Using RFI  What To Do When Online Recovery Fails  Restoring from Backups  Partial online recovery using RFI  Suiciding the Log  RFI Example  How to Manually Change Sort Order or Default Character Set  Manual Process  How to Load a Sort Order or Additional Character Set  How to Change the Sort Order  How to Change the Default Character Set  How to Find a Sort Order File Name  Method 1: If You Know the Sort Order Description  Method 2: If You Know the Sort Order ID  How to Find a Sort Order ID  How to Find a Character Set ID  How to View Your Existing Sort Order and Character Sets  Useful dbcc Commands  Standard dbcc Commands  Other dbcc Commands  dbcc page  dbcc pglinkage  dbcc log  dbcc traceflags  dbcc traceon  dbcc traceoff  dbcc memusage  How to Analyze dbcc checkstorage Faults  Fault Analysis  dbcc checkstorage startup and drop table  Faults Due to sp_placeobject  Troubleshooting XP Server Issues  Background  Correcting Common XP Server Problems  Information to Collect Before Calling Technical Support  Other Useful Tasks  How to Fix a Corrupted Index on System Tables  Read These Warnings First  Repairing the System Table Index  Workaround for sysobjects Nonclustered Indexes  How to Rescue Data from a Corrupted Table  Back Up Data to a New Table  Back Up Data to an Operating System File  How to Start Adaptive Server with Trace Flags  Modifying the RUN_server File to Include Trace Flags for UNIX  Modifying the RUN_server File to Include Trace Flags for Digital OpenVMS  Using the Load Command With Trace Flags in Novell NetWare  Using Trace Flags in OS/2  Using Server Configuration to Include Trace Flags in Windows NT  How to Reload a Suspect User Database  How to Drop a Database When drop database Fails  How to Fix and Prevent Allocation Errors  Understanding Allocation Errors  Fixing Allocation Errors  Fixing Allocation Errors when Object ID and Index ID are Known  Detecting Allocation Errors as Early as Possible  Syntax for dbcc checkalloc with the fix Option  How to Find an Object Name from a Page Number  How to Interpret sp_who Output  Device Administration Issues  How to Choose Between Raw Partitions and UNIX Files  Correct Use of Raw Partitions  Getting Information About Your Partition  Other Situations to Avoid  How to Move a Sybase Device or Database With Disk Mirroring  How to Gather Information About Read/Write Errors  Before You Create and Execute sp_diskblock  How to Mark a Database “suspect'”  Before You Create and Execute sp_marksuspect  After You Execute sp_marksuspect  How to Reset a Database's “suspect” Status  Before You Create and Execute sp_resetstatus  After You Execute sp_resetstatus  Alternative Method of Resetting a Database's “suspect” Status  How to Find a Device's Virtual Device Number  Before You Create and Execute sp_vdevno  How to Detect and Clear Long-Running Transactions  Causes of Long-Running Transactions  Detecting Long-Running Transactions  Clearing Long-Running Transactions  How to Reduce the Size of tempdb  Reset tempdb to Default Size  Verify and Alter tempdb on Desired Devices  How to Remap All Objects in a Database  The Remapping Script  How to Prepare for Analyzing an Optimizer Problem  Terminology  Questions to Ask First  Steps to Take Before Analysis  How to Gather the Information  Understanding the Information You Have Gathered  How to Determine Which Physical Devices a Database is On  How to Identify and Fix a Corrupted Table  How to Monitor the Error Log  Checking the Operating System Error Log  Location of the Operating System Error Log  Types of Problems to Check  How to Obtain a CSMD Dump  How to Configure a Shared Memory Dump on Conditions  Error Message Writeups  Error Message Severity Levels  Variables in Error Message Text  Finding Object Names from Error Message Text  How to Determine Your Adaptive Server Version  Field Order in Version String  Creating Error Messages  Reporting Errors  Faxing Error Log Fragments  Reproducing Problems  Error Message Writeups  Parser Errors  Sequencer Errors  Query Processor Errors  Access Method Errors  Memory Manager Errors  Buffer Manager Errors  Open Database Manager Errors  Page Manager Errors  Lock Manager Errors  Sort Manager Errors  Initialization Errors  Create Utilities Errors  High Availability Utility Errors  Character Set Conversion Errors  dbcc Errors  Insert Errors  Create Utilities Errors (continued)  Procedure Manager Errors  dump and load Errors  Commit and Abort Errors  Recovery Errors  Error and Exception Handling Errors  drop Errors  Transaction Errors  dataserver Errors  dump and load Errors (continued)  truncate table Errors  Bulk Copy Utility Errors  alter table Errors  alter database Errors  Disk Errors  ASTC Errors  Open Client Errors  Configuration Errors  Process Kill Errors  Timestamp Errors  Text Manager Errors  Distributed Database Network Errors  Parser Errors (continued)  Threshold Errors  Auditing Errors  Sequencer Errors (continued)  dbcc Errors (continued)  RPC Errors  Descriptor Manager Errors  sysindexes Manager Errors  Process Status Structure Errors  Site Buffer Manager Errors  Disk Manager Errors  Log Transfer Errors  Configuration Errors (Continued)  Sequencer Errors (continued)  Remote Create Errors  Fault Isolation Utility Errors  Create Utilities Errors (continued)  Sequencer Errors (continued)  System Procedure Errors  Kernel Errors  Backup Server Error Messages  Commonly Encountered Errors  “No language handler installed” Message  LOGCONN Errors in Adaptive Server After Using Backup Server  load {database | transaction} with listonly Locks Database  Some Messages from Backup Server Are Lost  dump database on Digital OpenVMS Alpha/Digital UNIX Raises Error  Error 5704 in the OpenVMS Backup Server error log  Unable to use Async IO when dumping to disk on HP-UX  Maximum Number of DBPROCESSes Already Allocated  Error Conditions Without Messages  Errors in Backup Server Error Log  Net-Library routine net_dict_open failed in srv__open_dictionary  Net-Library routine net_listen failed in srv_start_net  Net-Library routine net_init failed in srv__init_net  No driver of the requested protocol class is available  Net-lib protocol driver call to connect two endpoints failed  Open Server Error Messages Related to Backup Server  Error 5704.10.0  Error 16240.20.0  A Listing of All Backup Server Error Messages  Error Number Format  List of Error Messages  Backup Server Error Messages 1.1.2 - 1.63.2  Backup Server Error Messages 2.1.2 - 3.55.2  Backup Server Error Messages 4.1.2 - 4.75.3  Backup Server Error Messages 4.76.3 - 4.147.2  Backup Server Error Messages 5.1.2 - 6.89.2  Backup Server Error Messages 7.1.2 - 8.17.2  Component Integration Services Error Messages  Component Integration Services Error Messages  Adaptive Server Error Messages  Working with Error Messages  Server Error Messages 1 - 199  Server Error Messages 200 - 299  Server Error Messages 300 - 399  Server Error Messages 400 - 499  Server Error Messages 500 - 599  Server Error Messages 600 - 699  Server Error Messages 700 - 799  Server Error Messages 800 - 899  Server Error Messages 900 - 999  Server Error Messages 1000-1099  Server Error Messages 1100-1199  Server Error Messages 1200-1299  Server Error Messages 1300-1399  Server Error Messages 1500-1599  Server Error Messages 1600-1699  Server Error Messages 1700-1799  Server Error Messages 1800-1899  Server Error Messages 1900-1999  Server Error Messages 2000–2099  Server Error Messages 2100–2199  Server Error Messages 2200–2299  Server Error Messages 2300–2399  Server Error Messages 2400–2499  Server Error Messages 2500–2599  Server Error Messages 2600–2699  Server Error Messages 2700–2799  Server Error Messages 2800–2899  Server Error Messages 2900–2999  Server Error Messages 3000 - 3099  Server Error Messages 3100 - 3199  Server Error Messages 3200 - 3299  Server Error Messages 3300 - 3399  Server Error Messages 3400 - 3499  Server Error Messages 3500 - 3599  Server Error Messages 3600 - 3699  Server Error Messages 3700 - 3799  Server Error Messages 3800 - 3899  Server Error Messages 3900 – 3999  Server Error Messages 4000 – 4099  Server Error Messages 4200 - 4299  Server Error Messages 4300 - 4399  Server Error Messages 4400 - 4499  Server Error Messages 4500 - 4599  Server Error Messages 4600 - 4699  Server Error Messages 4700 - 4799  Server Error Messages 4800 - 4899  Server Error Messages 4900 - 4999  Server Error Messages 5000 - 5099  Server Error Messages 5100 - 5199  Server Error Messages 5200 - 5299  Server Error Messages 5600 - 5699  Server Error Messages 5700 - 5799  Server Error Messages 5800 - 5899  Server Error Messages 5900 - 5999  Server Error Messages 6000 - 6099  Server Error Messages 6100 - 6199  Server Error Messages 6200 - 6299  Server Error Messages 6400 - 6499  Server Error Messages 6500 - 6599  Server Error Messages 6700 - 6799  Server Error Messages 6900 - 6999  Server Error Messages 7000 - 7099  Server Error Messages 7100 - 7199  Server Error Messages 7200 - 7299  Server Error Messages 7300 - 7399  Server Error Messages 7400 - 7499  Server Error Messages 7600 - 7699  Server Error Messages 7700 - 7799  Server Error Messages 7900 - 7999  Server Error Messages 8000 - 8099  Server Error Messages 8200 - 8299  Server Error Messages 8400 - 8499  Server Error Messages 8500 - 8599  Server Error Messages 8600 - 8699  Server Error Messages 8700 - 8799  Server Error Messages 8800 - 8899  Server Error Messages 8900 - 8999  Server Error Messages 9000 - 9099  Server Error Messages 9100 - 9199  Server Error Messages 9200 - 9299  Server Error Messages 9300 - 9399  Server Error Messages 9500 – 9599  Server Error Messages 9600 - 9699  Server Error Messages 9700 - 9799  Server Error Messages 9800 - 9899  Server Error Messages 9900 - 9999  Server Error Messages 10100 - 10199  Server Error Messages 10200 - 10299  Server Error Messages 10300 - 10399  Server Error Messages 10400 - 10499  Server Error Messages 10500 - 10599  Server Error Messages 10600 - 10699  Server Error Messages 10700 - 10799  Server Error Messages 10800 - 10899  Server Error Messages 10900 - 10999  Server Error Messages 11000 - 11099  Server Error Messages 11100 - 11199  Server Error Messages 11200 - 11299  Server Error Messages 11300 - 11399  Server Error Messages 11400 - 11499  Server Error Messages 11500 - 11599  Server Error Messages 11600 - 11699  Server Error Messages 11700 - 11799  Server Error Messages 11900 - 11999  Server Error Messages 12000 - 12099  Server Error Messages 12100 - 12199  Server Error Messages 12200 - 12299  Server Error Messages 12300 - 12399  Server Error Messages 12400 - 12499  Server Error Messages 12500 - 12599  Server Error Messages 12700 - 12799  Server Error Messages 12800 - 12899  Server Error Messages 12900 - 12999  Server Error Messages 13000 - 13099  Server Error Messages 13100 - 13199  Server Error Messages 13200 - 13299  Server Error Messages 13900 - 13999  Server Error Messages 14000 - 14099  Server Error Messages 14100 - 14199  Server Error Messages 14200 - 14299  Server Error Messages 14300 - 14399  Server Error Messages 14400 - 14499  Server Error Messages 17000 - 18999  Glossary  Using Adaptive Server Distributed Transaction Management Features  About this book  Overview  Distributed Transaction Management features  Affected transaction types  Distributed transactions coordinated by external transaction managers  Behavior for transaction manager-coordinated transactions  RPC and CIS transactions  New behavior for RPC and CIS transactions  SYB2PC transactions  Enabling DTM Features  Installing a license key  Enabling DTM features  enable dtm parameter  enable xact coordination parameter  Configuring transaction resources  Calculating required transaction descriptors  Setting the number of transaction descriptors  Using Adaptive Server Transaction Coordination Services  Overview of transaction coordination services  Hierarchical transaction coordination  X/Open XA-compliant behavior in DTP environments  Requirements and behavior  Configuring participant server resources  number of dtx participants parameter  Optimizing number of dtx participants for your system  Using transaction coordination services in heterogeneous environments  strict dtm enforcement parameter  Monitoring coordinated transactions and participants  DTM Administration and Troubleshooting  Transactions and threads of control  Implications for system administrators  dtm detach timeout period parameter  Lock manager changes to support detached transactions  Getting information about distributed transactions  Transaction identification in systransactions  Transaction keys  Viewing active transactions with sp_transactions  Identifying local, remote, and external transactions  Identifying the transaction coordinator  Viewing the transaction thread of control  Understanding transaction state information  Transaction failover information  Determining the commit node and gtrid with sp_transactions  Commit and parent nodes  Global transaction ID  Crash recovery procedures for distributed transactions  Transactions coordinated with MSDTC  Transactions coordinated by Adaptive Server or X/Open XA  Transactions coordinated with SYB2PC  Heuristically completing transactions  Completing prepared transactions  Forgetting heuristically completed transactions  Manually clearing the commit status  Completing transactions that are not prepared  Determining the commit status for Adaptive Server transactions  Using Sybase Failover in a High Availability System  About this book  What is High Availability?  What is High Availability?  Differences between active-active and active-passive configurations  Requirements for failover  Resource requirements  Applications running with Sybase’s failover  How does Sybase’s failover work with high availability?  Single system presentation  Special considerations for Sybase failover  Installing the monitoring tables scripts  Using failover with disk mirroring  installhasvss script  SYB_HACMP server entry  Define user-defined data types in Adaptive Servers before configuring them for failover  Adaptive Server and two-phase commit transactions  Failover and Failback  What is failover?  Client connections during failover  User logins in failover  What is failback?  Performing failback  Cluster locks in a high availability node  Asymmetric and Symmetric Setup  Asymmetric and symmetric configuration  Asymmetric companion configuration  Performance of Adaptive Server in an asymmetric configuration  Symmetric companion configuration  Performance of Adaptive Server in a symmetric configuration  Determining the name of the companion server with @@hacmpservername  Auditing in a high availability system  Setting auditing options  Audit trails and Sybase failover  sybsecurity and Sybase failover  Modes of Failover  What are modes?  Determining the companion’s mode  Determining the mode with @@cmpstate  Different modes of a companion server  Domains  Proxy Databases, User Databases, and Proxy System Tables  Proxy databases  Creating proxy databases  When are proxy databases created?  Size of the proxy databases  Behavior of commands and system procedures in proxy databases  Changes to commands in proxy databases  Changes to system procedures in proxy databases  Issuing user-defined stored procedures in proxy databases  Manually updating the proxy databases  Proxy system tables in master  Running do_advisory  What is the do_advisory option?  How do I run the do_advisory option?  Quorum attributes  Configuring Adaptive Server for Failover on HP  Configuring hardware and operating system for high availability  Preparing Adaptive Server to work with the HA subsystem  Install Adaptive Servers  Add entries for both Adaptive Servers to the interfaces file  Add entries to interfaces file for client connections during failover  Set the value of $SYBASE  sybha executable  Create new default device other than master  Add local server to sysservers  Add secondary companion to sysservers  Run installhasvss to install HA stored procedures  Assign ha_role to system administrator  Verify configuration parameters  Configuring HP for failover  Create the package configuration  Edit the ASE_HA.sh script  Create the package control script  Verify and distribute the configuration  Start up both the primary and secondary companions  Configuring companion servers for failover  Run sp_companion with do_advisory option  Configure for asymmetric configuration  Configure for symmetric configuration  Administering Sybase failover  Failing back to the primary companion and resuming normal companion mode  Suspending companion mode  Resuming normal companion mode from suspended mode  Dropping companion mode  Troubleshooting Sybase failover on HP  Error message 18750  Recovering from a failed prepare_failback  Location of error logs  Configuring Adaptive Server for Failover on IBM AIX  Configuring hardware and operating system for high availability  Requirements for running Sybase’s failover on IBM AIX  Special considerations for running Adaptive Server on HACMP for AIX  Preparing Adaptive Server to work with the HA subsystem  Install Adaptive Servers  Add entries for both Adaptive Servers to the interfaces file  Add entries to interfaces file for client connections during failover  Set the value of $SYBASE  sybha executable  Verify configuration parameters  Add thresholds to the master log  Create new default device other than master  Add local server to sysservers  Add secondary companion to sysservers  Run installhasvss to install HA stored procedures  Assign ha_role to system administrator  Configure the IBM AIX Subsystem for Sybase Failover  Modify the ASE_HA.sh Script  Configure the resource groups in HACMP  Configuring companion servers for failover  Run sp_companion with do_advisory option  Configure for asymmetric configuration  Configure for symmetric configuration  Bring up primary companion as a monitored resource  Administering Sybase failover  Failing back to the primary node  Manually failing back  Suspending companion mode  Restarting shutdown companion during suspended mode  Resuming normal companion mode  Resuming normal companion mode from suspended mode  Resuming normal companion mode  Dropping companion mode  Troubleshooting failover on HACMP for AIX  Error message 18750  Recovering from a failed prepare_failback  Location of failover logs  Configuring Adaptive Server for Failover on HP Tru64 TruCluster Server 5.x  Configuring hardware and operating system for high availability  Requirements for running Sybase’s failover on HP TruCluster  Preparing Adaptive Server to work with The HA subsystem  Install Adaptive Servers  Add entries for both Adaptive Servers to the interfaces file  Add entries to interfaces File for client connections during failover  sybha executable  Verify configuration parameters  Add thresholds to the master log  Create new default device other than master  Add the local server to sysservers  Add secondary companion to sysservers  Assign ha_role to the system administrator  Run installhasvss to install HA stored procedures  Configure the HP Tru64 subsystem for Sybase’s failover  Modify the ASE_HA.sh script  Modify the ASE_HA.cap profile  Configure companion servers for failover  Run sp_companion with do_advisory Option  Configure for asymmetric configuration  Configure for symmetric configuration  Bring up primary companion as a monitored resource  Administering Sybase failover  Failing back to the primary node  Manually failing back  Suspending companion mode  Restarting shutdown companion during suspended mode  Resuming normal companion mode  Resuming normal companion mode from suspended mode  Resuming normal companion mode from failover  Dropping companion mode  Troubleshooting failover on TruCluster Server for HP Tru64  Error message 18750  Recovering from a failed prepare_failback  Location of failover logs  Active-Active Configuration for Sun Cluster 2.2  Configuring hardware and operating system requirements  Prepare Adaptive Server to work with the HA Subsystem  Install Adaptive Servers  Add entries for both Adaptive Servers to the interfaces file  Add entries to interfaces file for client connections during failover  Make the value of $SYBASE the same for both companions  The sybha executable  Create new default device other than master  Add the local server to sysservers  Add secondary companion to sysservers  Run installhasvss to install HA stored procedures  Assign ha_role to system administrator  Verify configuration parameters  Add thresholds to the master log  Configuring the Sun Cluster subsystem for Sybase failover  Configure companion servers for failover  Run sp_companion with do_advisory option  Configure for asymmetric configuration  Configure for symmetric configuration  Administrating Sybase’s failover  Failing back to the primary companion  Suspending normal companion mode  Resuming normal companion mode  Dropping companion mode  Troubleshooting failover for Sun Cluster  Recovering from a failed prepare_failback  Location of the logs  Active-Active Configuration for Sun Cluster 3.0  Configuring hardware and operating system requirements  Active-active setup in Sun Cluster 3.0  Preparing Adaptive Server for active-active setup  Installing Adaptive Servers  Adding entries for both Adaptive Servers to the interfaces file  Making the value of $SYBASE the same for both companions  Executing sybha  Creating new default devices  Adding the local server to sysservers  Adding secondary companion to sysservers  Assigning ha_role to system administrator  Installing HA stored procedures  Verifying configuration parameters  Adding thresholds to the master log  Add user and login for fault monitor  Configuring the Sun Cluster 3.0 subsystem  The syscadm script  Adaptive Server Resource extension properties  Configuring Adaptive Server resource groups  Using SUNW.HAStoragePlus  Configuring companion servers for failover  Setting the HA services library within Adaptive Server  Running sp_companion with do_advisory  Before initiating sp_companion  Configuring for asymmetric configuration  Configuring for symmetric configuration  Administering Sybase Failover  Failing back to the primary companion  Suspending normal companion mode  Resuming normal companion mode  Dropping companion mode  Verifying high availability on Sun Cluster 3.0  Configuring the resource groups manually  Primary companion resource group  Secondary companion resource group  Troubleshooting  Recovering from a failed prepare_failback  Recovering from a secondary failover on the secondary companion  Prevent failover of secondary companion  Changing resource and resource group state  Sample sysc_input_file  Location of the logs  Active-Passive Configuration for Sun Cluster 3.0  Hardware and Operating System requirements  Active-passive setup in Sun Cluster 3.0  Failing back in an active-passive configuration  Clients in an active-passive configuration  Preparing Adaptive Server for active-passive setup  Installing Adaptive Server  Passing environment to Adaptive Server  Running License Manager in the Cluster  Add entry for Adaptive Server to the interfaces file  Configuring the interfaces file on the server-side  Configuring the interfaces file on the client side  Verify configuration parameters  Add thresholds to the master log  Add user and login for fault monitor  Configuring the Sun Cluster 3.0 subsystem  The syscadm script  Configuring Adaptive Server resource group  Adaptive Server Resource extension properties  Using SUNW.HAStoragePlus  Verifying the active-passive configuration  Working with a multi node cluster  Multi node setup  Configuring the resource group manually  Sample sysc_input_file  Location of the logs  Configuring Adaptive Server for Failover on Veritas, 1.3  Hardware and operating system requirements  Preparing Adaptive Server to work with the HA subsystem  Installing Adaptive Servers  Adding entries for both Adaptive Servers to the interfaces file  Adding entries to the interfaces file for client connections during failover  The sybha executable  Creating a new default device  Adding the local server to sysservers  Adding secondary companion to sysservers  Assigning ha_role  Installing HA stored procedures  Verifying configuration parameters  Adding thresholds to the master log  Configuring the Veritas subsystem for Sybase Failover  Installing the HAase agent  Creating an Adaptive Server login file  Importing the HAase resource type  Starting the HAase agent  Adding the HAase resource  Configuring an instance of HAase resource for each service group  Configuring companion servers for Failover  Adding user and login for HA monitor  Running sp_companion with do_advisory  Verifying the HA agent  Configuring for asymmetric configuration  Configuring for symmetric configuration  Administering Sybase Failover  During failover  Failing back to the primary companion  Suspending normal companion mode  Resuming normal companion mode  Dropping companion mode  Troubleshooting Failover for Veritas Cluster  Recovering from a failed prepare_failback  Location of the logs  Upgrading from an agent of resource type Sybase  Configuring Adaptive Server for Failover on Veritas, 3.5  Hardware and operating system requirements  Preparing Adaptive Server to work with the HA subsystem  Installing Adaptive Servers  Adding entries for both Adaptive Servers to the interfaces file  Adding entries to the interfaces file for client connections during failover  The sybha executable  Creating a new default device  Adding the local server to sysservers  Adding secondary companion to sysservers  Assigning ha_role  Installing HA stored procedures  Verifying configuration parameters  Adding thresholds to the master log  Configuring the Veritas subsystem for Sybase Failover  Installing the HAase agent  Creating an Adaptive Server login file  Importing the HAase resource type  Starting the HAase agent  Adding the HAase resource  Configuring an instance of HAase resource for each service group  Configuring companion servers for Failover  Adding user and login for HA monitor  Running sp_companion with do_advisory  Verifying the HA agent  Configuring for asymmetric configuration  Configuring for symmetric configuration  Administering Sybase Failover  During failover  Failing back to the primary companion  Suspending normal companion mode  Resuming normal companion mode  Dropping companion mode  Troubleshooting Failover for Veritas Cluster  Recovering from a failed prepare_failback  Location of the logs  Upgrading from an agent of resource type Sybase  Configuring Adaptive Server for Failover on SGI IRIX  Configuring hardware and operating system for high availability  Preparing Adaptive Server to work with the high availability subsystem  Planning the installation  Starting and stopping Adaptive Server from the UNIX account  Location of the Adaptive Server software  Logical volumes  Location of the master device  Location of Adaptive Server’s devices  Using symbolic links  Adaptive Server names  Determining Adaptive Server configuration parameters  Make the value of $SYBASE the same for both companions  Install Adaptive Servers  Selecting the server name  Errorlog location  HA login and password requirements  Install Sybase licenses  Setting up the license server to start at boot-up  Build user databases on the primary companion  Add Entries for Both Adaptive Servers to the Interfaces File  Add entries to interfaces file for client connections during failover  Create new default device other than master  Add the local server to sysservers  Add secondary companion to sysservers  Assign ha_role to system administrator  Run installhasvss to install HA stored procedures  Verify configuration parameters  Add thresholds to the master log  Configure companion servers for failover  Run sp_companion with do_advisory option  Configure for asymmetric configuration  Configure for symmetric configuration  Configure the IRIX failSafe with Sybase’s failover  Hardware configuration  Install the FailSafe scripts  Start the FailSafe configuration tool  Define the primary node  Define the secondary node  Define the failover policies for the primary node  Define the failover policy for the secondary node  Define the cluster  Define the logical volume resource for the primary node  Define the logical volume resource for the secondary node  Define the file system resource for the primary  Define the file system resource for the secondary node  Define the Adaptive Server resources on the primary  Define the Adaptive Server resources for the secondary node  Define the resource groups on the primary node  Define the resource group for the secondary node  Start the high availability services  Bring the primary resource group online  Bring the secondary resource group online  Administering the High-Availability Environment  Failing over  Failing back to the primary companion  Re-Start FailSafe Services on the primary node  Issue prepare_failback on the secondary companion  Take the primary companion’s resource group offline  Bring the primary resource group online  Issues resume on the primary Adaptive Server  Suspending normal companion  Suspend FailSafe monitoring  Suspend secondary from primary companion  Resuming normal companion mode  Resume from primary companion  Dropping Companion Mode  Tailoring IRIX FailSafe with Sybase’s Failover  The SWITCHES File  Calls to Replication Server and other applications  Example hook in start script  Troubleshooting IRIX FailSafe with Sybase Failover  Simulating a node failure  Stopping the FailSafe service on a node  Recovering from a failed manual prepare_failback  Inadvertently shutting down the secondary companion  Location of the IRIX FailSafe logs  Errors from resource groups running on two nodes  Manually mounting the file systems  Configuring Adaptive Server for Failover on Windows NT  Configuring hardware and operating system for High Availability  Prepare Adaptive Server for HA configuration  Install Adaptive Servers  changing the domain administration account  Add entries for both Adaptive Servers to sql.ini  Add entries to sql.ini for client connections during failover  Create new default device other than master  Add primary companion as a local server  Add secondary companion to sysservers  Run insthasv to install HA stored procedures  Assign ha_role to system administrator  Verify configuration parameters  Run sp_companion with do_advisory option  Configuring Windows NT for failover  Configure for asymmetric configuration from the command Line  Configure for symmetric setup from the command line  Configure Windows NT for failover using cluster administrator  Configuring and securing Microsoft Cluster Server  Check the MSCS configuration  Securing the MSCS cluster  Troubleshooting Sybase failover on Windows NT  Error message 18750  Recovering from a failed prepare_failback  Troubleshooting Second Point of Failures  Troubleshooting with dbcc ha_admin  Re-Installing installmaster and installhasvss  Re-Installing installmaster  Re-Installing installhasvss  Using dbcc ha_admin to Address Second Point of Failures for Failover and prepare_failback  Error Messages 18805, 18769, 18836  Changes to Commands, System Procedures, System Databases, and New dbcc Commands, and Functions  Changes to commands in asymmetric and symmetric mode  Changes to System Procedures in Adaptive Server Configured for Failover  System Procedures Hold Table Lock When Modifying System Tables  System procedures that synchronize changes between primary and secondary  Changes to System Procedures in A Failover Configuration  dbcc Options for High Availability Systems  dbcc dbrepair Option for Sybase Failover  Open Client Functionality in a Failover Configuration  CTLIB application changes  Glossary  Utility Guide  About this book  Building Servers Using dataserver  Introduction  Building a new master device  Environments when using dataserver  build mode  start mode  Upgrading to a server with larger page sizes  Viewing the current server limits  Using the isql Utility  Before you begin  Starting and stopping isql  Login failure to Adaptive Server  How to use Transact-SQL in isql  Formatting isql output  Correcting input  set options that affect output  Changing the command terminator  Performance statistics interaction with command terminator values  Setting the network packet size  Input and output files  UNIX command-line redirection  Using bcp to Transfer Data to and from Adaptive Server  Methods for moving data  Importing and exporting data with bcp  bcp requirements  bcp modes  bcp performance  Using fast or slow bcp  Copying in data with fast bcp  Bulk copying data into partitioned tables  Monitoring bcp sessions with dbcc checktable and sp_helpsegment  Reducing logging by increasing page allocations  Using parallel bulk copy to copy data into a specific partition  bcp in and locks  Parallel bulk copy methods  Parallel bulk copy syntax  Using parallel bulk copy on partitioned tables  Parallel bulk copy and IDENTITY columns  Using the bcp options  Using the default formats  Native format  Character format  Changing terminators from the command line  Changing the defaults: interactive bcp  Responding to bcp prompts  File storage type  Prefix length  Field length  Field and row terminators  Choosing Terminators  Using format files  Elements of the bcp format file  Examples: copying out data interactively  Copying out data with field lengths  Copying out data with delimiters  Comma-delimited, newline-delimited with format file  Tab-delimited with format file  Examples: copying in data interactively  Copying in data with field lengths  Copying in data with delimiters  Copying in data with a format file  Using bcp with alternate languages  bcp and row-level access rules  Copy in and batch files  Improving recoverability  Batches and partitioned tables  Copy out and text and image data  Specifying a network packet size  Copy in and error files  Copy out and error files  Data integrity: defaults, rules, and triggers  Defaults and datatypes  Rules and triggers  How bcp differs from other utilities  Using dsedit  Getting started with dsedit  Starting dsedit  Opening an editing session  Adding, viewing, and editing server entries  Modifying server entries in Windows NT  Modifying server entries in UNIX platforms  Adding or editing network transport addresses  SPX/IPX addresses  Copying server entries  Troubleshooting dsedit  The dsedit utility does not start  Error message: “Unable to open X display”  Cannot add, modify, or delete server entries  Using dscp  Getting started with dscp  Using a dscp session  Working with server entries  Adding and modifying server entries  Copying server entries  Listing and viewing contents of server entries  Deleting server entries  Exiting dscp  Quick reference for dscp utility commands  Migration Utility  Overview  Existing solutions  Benefits of sybmigrate  What sybmigrate does  What sybmigrate does not do  Before you begin  Required components for the sybmigrate  Dependencies  Installation  Upgrade  Permissions  Changing target login accounts  Platforms  Environment settings  Migration process  Overview of the migration process  Pre-migration considerations  Configuration and tuning for higher performance  Configuration considerations for sybmigrate  Configuration considerations for Adaptive Server  Possible errors to avoid  Auto-select depedent objects for migration  Starting sybmigrate  GUI mode  Setup  Migrate  Validate  Resource file mode  Post-migration activities  Migrating Replication Server data to Adaptive Server 12.5  Pre-migration procedures for databases with replication data  Post-migration procedures for replicated databases  Restoring replicate databases  Restoring RSSD databases  Logs  Limitations  Troubleshooting and error messages  Objects fail to migrate  Beginning database migration  “Connection refused” and “Unable to obtain connection to the server”  Target server cannot be reached from source server  If sybmigrate hangs during migration  Merging two databases  Post-migration failure cleanup  Remigrating one database  Re-creating an individual object  Connection fail  “Insufficient memory in JVM shared class”  “There is not enough memory in the procedure cache”  java.lang related error  Installing the Adaptive Server Plug-in  Introduction  Adaptive Server plug-in distribution  Comparing functional differences between versions  Accessing the Monitor Client GUI  Running Monitor Client GUI as a standalone  Utility Commands Reference  Getting started  *_dce and *_r utilities  Utilities quick reference  Installation or configuration utilities  Utilities for languages, character sets, and sort orders  Utilities to start servers  Database creation and manipulation utilities  Utilities to gather information  backupserver  bcp  buildmaster  certauth  certpk12  certreq  charset  cobpre  cpre  dataserver  dataxtr  ddlgen  defncopy  dscp  dsedit  extractjava  installjava  isql  langinstall  optdiag  pwdcrypt  showserver  sqldbgr  sqlloc  sqllocres  sqlsrvr  sqlupgrade  sqlupgraderes  srvbuild  srvbuildres  startserver  sybmigrate  xpserver  Web Services User's Guide  About this book  Understanding Adaptive Server Enterprise Web Services  Overview  Adaptive Server Enterprise Web Services  Advantages of Adaptive Server Enterprise Web Services  Stored procedures and functions  SQL  Security  Web services standards  XML  WSDL  SOAP  LDAP  Adaptive Server Enterprise Web Services components  Web Services Producer  HTTP handler  SOAP handler  XML mapper  Web Services Consumer  Configuring Adaptive Server Enterprise Web Services  Configuration  Configuration files  ws.properties  logging.properties  Security  Configuring SSL  Installing a certificate for Microsoft .NET  Using Adaptive Server Enterprise Web Services  Using the Web Services Producer  Starting the Web Services Producer  Restrictions  Verification  Stopping the Web Services Producer  Restrictions  Adaptive Server Enterprise Web Services methods  execute  login  logout  Using the Web Services Consumer  Adaptive Server Enterprise Web Services Logging  Adaptive Server Enterprise Web Services log files  consumer.log  producer.log  http.log  Rolling over log files  Sample Applications  Web Services Producer component sample applications  Apache sample client  Creating the sample client  runexecute  Microsoft .NET sample client  Creating the sample client  Execute.exe  Web Services Consumer component sample applications  Troubleshooting  Known issues  Starting the Producer  Executing a Web method  Locating WSDL  Java Virtual Machine crashes  Specifying entries in ws.properties  Command line arguments  runproducer or stopproducer fails  runexecute or execute fails  Null passwords  Specifying SOAP endpoints with SSL  Installation Contents  Adaptive Server Enterprise Web Services directory tree  bin directory contents  lib directory contents  logs directory contents  producer directory contents  props directory contents  samples directory contents  Configuration Properties  Adaptive Server Enterprise Web Services configuration properties  SOAP and Adaptive Server Enterprise Datatype Mapping  Datatype mapping  Glossary  What's New in Adaptive Server Enterprise?  About this book  New Features in Adaptive Server Version 12.5.1  Dynamic data cache  Automatic database expansion  Improvements to the Adaptive Server plug-in for Sybase Central  Dynamic listeners  Globalization enhancements  UTF-8 sort order  Unicode parser  SQL derived tables  Date and time datatypes  XML mapping  Native XML processor  LDAP user authentication  HA agent on VCS 3.5  Fast recovery  Database mount and unmount  Job Scheduler  New cache wizard section for sp_sysmon  Web Services for Adaptive Server  Enhanced compatibility with Microsoft SQL extensions  Adaptive Server 12.5.1 backward compatibility  System Changes in Adaptive Server Version 12.5.1  System changes in version 12.5.1  New and changed configuration parameters  New and changed Transact-SQL commands  New functions  New and changed system procedures  New and changed system tables  New databases  New reserved words  Changes to the documentation  New Features in Adaptive Server Version 12.5.0.3  New features in version 12.5.0.3  Monitoring system tables in Adaptive Server  Using Transact-SQL to monitor performance  Index selection  Active-passive configuration for Sun Cluster 3.0  Asynchronous log service and optimistic index locking  Using sampling for update statistics  Multiple temporary databases  Housekeeper enhancements  Chinese character set (GB18030) support  SQLJ aliases for XQL  SQLX mapping functions  New configuration parameters in sp_monitorconfig  Faster checkpoints  Changes to checkstorage  Changes to CIS  set bulk array size  set bulk batch size  Global variables  Improved performance for select into  New set parameters  Improved performance for create database, alter database, load database, and dbcc checkalloc  Number of databases per transaction  New global variables  New functions  System changes  New and changed configuration parameters  New and changed Transact-SQL commands  New and changed system procedures  New system procedures  New and changed utility programs  New global variables  New functions  New and changed system tables  New Features in Adaptive Server Version 12.5.0.1  New features in version 12.5.0.1  Options for Adaptive Server version 12.5.0.1  Using grant dbcc and revoke dbcc  Increasing the size of devices with disk resize  ASE Replicator  Synchronizing EJB Servers  XQL result sets  XQL query engine  Proxy table space  Creating files and directories with the insert command  Migration utility  Benefits of sybmigrate  High availability on Sun Cluster 3.0  New character sets  System changes  New configuration parameters  New and changed Transact-SQL commands  Changed system procedures  New utility programs  Changes to databases and system tables  New Features in Adaptive Server Version 12.5  New features in version 12.5  Relaxed server limits  Varying logical page sizes  Number of columns and column size  Maximum length of expressions, variables, and stored procedure arguments  Number of logins  Performance implications of new limits  Dynamic reconfiguration  Dynamic memory allocation  Changes to how memory is allocated  SQLJ stored procedures and functions (Java)  XML in the database  Union in views  Internet directory services (LDAP)  Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)  Enterprise Java Beans (EJB Server)  External file system support  Row-level access control  Suspending and resuming updates to databases  Java.net support  Compressed backups  unichar support  Changes to Component Integration Services (CIS)  SQL debug utility  Migration utility  System changes in version 12.5  New and changed configuration parameters  New and changed Transact-SQL commands  New and changed system procedures  New and changed utility programs  Changed databases and system tables  New reserved words  New global variables  Changes to the documentation  Changes that may affect existing applications  New Transact SQL keywords  Wide column and data truncation  Changes that affect Open Client applications  Using Open Client with Adaptive Server’s new limits  If you use an earlier version of Open Client with Adaptive Server  Maximum number of expressions in a select statement  New Features and System Changes in Adaptive Server Version 12.0  New features in version 12.0  Sybase Failover for a high availability system  Rebuilding indexes  New Backup Server features  High performance backup and restore  Non-rewinding tapes  UNIX file system support  Modifying an existing table’s schema with alter table  Suspending database updates with quiesce database  Taking Adaptive Server engines offline  User settable process information  Removed limit for number of fragments per database  Identity number gap for tables  Diagnostic database  Java in Adaptive Server Enterprise  Capabilities of Java in Adaptive Server  Java user-defined functions  Java classes as datatypes  Number of tables in a query  Query processing and optimization enhancements  Merge joins  Query costing improvements  ANSI joins  Dynamic execution of Transact-SQL  text and image datatype enhancements  Abstract plans  Disabling triggers  Cache partitions  Distributed Transaction Management  Enhancements to Component Integration Services (CIS)  Network security  Performance considerations  Security features supported in Adaptive Server 12.0  User-defined login security  Increased maximum number of users and logins  Setting and changing the maximum login attempts  Locking and unlocking logins and roles  Displaying password information  Checking passwords for at least one character  Setting and changing minimum password length  Setting the expiration interval for a password  Concrete identification  System changes in version 12.0  New and changed configuration parameters  New and changed Transact-SQL commands  New and changed system procedures  New utility programs  New and changed databases and system tables  New reserved words  Changes to the documentation  Changes that may affect existing applications  Inserts on datarow-locking tables  New Transact-SQL keywords for 12.0  dsync on by default for UNIX file devices  XA Interface Integration Guide for CICS, Encina, and TUXEDO  About this book  Introduction  Overview  Requirements  The Sybase XA Environment  Definitions  Overview of the X/Open DTP model  Components of the model  How the components communicate  How the components interact  Recovery  The Sybase XA environment  Components of the Sybase XA environment  Connections in the Sybase XA environment  Identifying connections via LRMs  Where is the connection information stored?  Establishing connections  Distributing work across LRMs  Configuring the XA Environment  Configuring Adaptive Server  Open string parameters for DTM XA Interface  Open string parameters  dtm_tm_role required for username  Log file and trace flag parameters  Labels for logfile entries  xa_open() function behavior  XA configuration file for DTM XA Interface  Environment variable for specifying configuration file  [all] section for defining common LRM parameters  Parameter definitions for [all] section  Editing the XA configuration file  Additional capabilities, properties, and options  Using the DTM XA Interface with CICS  Building the switch-load file  Compiling the switch-load file on IBM RISC System/6000 AIX  Compiling the switch-load file on HP9000 Series 800 HP-UX  Compiling the switch-load file on Sun Solaris 2.x (SPARC)  Adding a Sybase stanza to the CICS region XAD definition  Using the DTM XA Interface with Encina  Assigning an open string with monadmin create rm  Initializing LRMs with mon_RegisterRmi  Linking applications with DTM XA Interface libraries  Establishing connections  Using the DTM XA Interface with TUXEDO  Linking  Setting up the UBBCONFIG file  Creating the TUXEDO configuration file  Building the TMS  Build COBOL runtime environment  Application Programming Guidelines  X/Open DTP versus traditional Sybase transaction processing  Transaction and connection management  Transaction management  Connection management  The current connection  Nontransactional connections  Deallocate cursor function with Client-Library  Dynamic SQL  Getting a Client-Library connection handle  Multiple-thread environment issues  Caveats of thread use  Embedded SQL thread-safe code  Tightly coupled transactions  Linking with CT Library  Sample embedded SQL COBOL fragment  Sample embedded SQL C fragment  XML Services in Adaptive Server Enterprise  About this book  Introduction to XML Services  XML capabilities  XML in the database  Introduction  References  An overview of XML  A sample XML document  XML document types  Character sets and XML data  XML Query Functions  XML query functions  Example sections  xmlextract  xmltest  xmlparse  xmlrepresentation  option_strings: general format  XML Language and XML Query Language  Character set support  URI support  Namespace support  XML schema support  Predefined entities in XML language  Predefined entities in XML query language  White space  Empty elements  XML Query Language  XPath-supported syntax and tokens  XPath operators and functions  XPath basic operators  XPath set operators  XPath comparison operators  XML Mapping Functions  for xml clause  forxmlj, forxmldtdj, forxmlschemaj, forxmlallj  forsqlcreatej, forsqlinsertj, forsqlscriptj  XML Mappings  SQLX options  SQLX option definitions  SQLX data mapping  Mapping duplicate column names and unnamed columns  Mapping SQL names to XML names  Mapping SQL values to XML values  Numeric values  Character values  Binary values  SQLX schema mapping  Overview  Option: columnstyle=element  Option: columnstyle=attribute  Option: nullstyle=omit  Option: nullstyle=attribute  Setting up XML Services  Enabling the native XML processor  Installing the Java-based SQLX mapping functions  Java-based XML functions  Mapping function installation  Environment variables  Installing the parser  Installing the mapping functions  Creating alias names  The sample_docs Example Table  sample_docs table columns and rows  Sample_docs table columns  sample_docs table rows  sample_docs tables  Table script (for publishers table)  Publishers table representation  Titles table representation  XML Services and External File System Access  Getting Started  Enabling XML services and External File System Access  Examples  Setting up your XML documents and creating the proxy table  Example: Extracting the book title from the XML documents  Example Importing XML documents or XML query results to an Adaptive Server table  Example: Storing parsed XML documents in the file system  Example: ’xmlerror’option capabilities with External File Access  Example: Specifying the ’xmlerror=message’ option in xmlextract  Example: Parsing XML and non-XML documents with the ’xmlerror=message’ option  Example: Using the option ’xmlerror=null’ for non-XML documents  Introduction  Migrating documents and queries  Migrating documents between the Java-based XQL processor and the native XML processor  Migrating text documents between the Java-based XQL processor and the native XML processor  Migrating documents from regenerated copies  Regenerating text documents from the Java-based XQL processor  Regenerating text documents from the native XML processor  Migrating queries between the native XML processor and the Java-based XQL processor  Migrating Between the Java-based XQL Processor and the Native XML Processor  Introduction  Migrating documents and queries  Character set support  Migrating documents between the Java-based XQL processor and the native XML processor  Migrating text documents between the Java-based XQL processor and the native XML processor  Migrating documents from regenerated copies  Regenerating text documents from the Java-based XQL processor  Regenerating text documents from the native XML processor  Migrating queries between the native XML processor and the Java-based XQL processor  The Java-Based XQL Processor  Setting up the Java-based XQL processor  Setting the CLASSPATH environment variable  Installing the Java-based XQL processor in Adaptive Server  Memory requirements for running the Java-based XQL processor inside Adaptive Server  Using the Java-based XQL processor  Converting a raw XML document to a parsed version  Inserting XML documents  Updating XML documents  Deleting XML documents  Using XQL  Query structures that affect performance  Examples  Other usages of the Java-based XQL processor  com.sybase.xml.xql.XqlDriver syntax  Sample queries  Validating your document  Using the Java-based XQL processor for standalone applications  Example standalone application  Example EJB example  Methods in com.sybase.xml.xql.Xql  parse(String xmlDoc)  parse(InputStream xml_document, boolean validate)  query(String query, String xmlDoc)  query(String query, InputStream xmlDoc)  query(String query, SybXmlStream xmlDoc)  query(String query, JXml jxml)  sybase.aseutils.SybXmlStream  com.sybase.xml.xql.store.SybMemXmlStream  com.sybase.xml.xql.store.SybFileXmlStream  setParser(String parserName)  reSetParser  System Tables Diagram

AppBuilder 1.0

Appeon 6.5.1 for PowerBuilder

Appeon 6.5 for PowerBuilder

Appeon 6.2 for PowerBuilder

Appeon 6.1 for PowerBuilder

Appeon 6.0 for PowerBuilder

Appeon 6.0 for PowerBuilder (Japanese)

Avaki EII 7.1

Avaki EII 7.0

Avaki EII 6.2

DataWindow .NET 2.5

DataWindow .NET 2.0.1

DataWindow .NET 2.0

EAServer 6.3.1

EAServer 6.3

EAServer 6.2

EAServer 6.1

EAServer 6.0.2

EAServer 6.0

EAServer 5.5

EAServer 5.3

EAServer 5.2.1

EAServer 5.2

EAServer 5.0.1

EDI Products 5.2.2

Enterprise Connect Data Access 15.7

Enterprise Connect Data Access 15.0.1

Enterprise Connect Data Access 15.0

Enterprise Connect Data Access 12.6.1

Enterprise Connect Data Access 12.6

Financial Fusion GlobalFIX 6.0

InfoMaker 12.5.2

InfoMaker 12.5

SAP jConnect for JDBC 16.0

jConnect for JDBC 7.07 SP110

jConnect for JDBC 7.07 SP100

jConnect for JDBC 7.07

jConnect for JDBC 7.0

jConnect for JDBC 6.05

jConnect for JDBC 5.5

M-Business Anywhere 7.0

M-Business Anywhere 6.7

Mainframe Connect 15.0

Mainframe Connect 12.6.1

Mainframe Connect 12.6

SAP Open Server 16.0

SAP Open Server 15.7 SP127

Open Server 15.7 SP121

Open Server 15.7 SP110

Open Server 15.7 SP100

Open Server 15.7

Open Server 15.5

Open Server 15.0, Open Client 15.0, and SDK 15.0

Open Server 12.5.1

Open Server 12.5.1 (Chinese-Simplified)

Open Server 12.5.1 (French)

OpenSwitch 15.1

SAP Sybase PowerAMC 16.5 SP03

SAP Sybase PowerAMC 16.5 SP02

PowerAMC 16.5

PowerAMC 16.1

PowerAMC 16.0

PowerBuilder 12.5.2

PowerBuilder 12.5.1

PowerBuilder 12.5

PowerBuilder Application Server Plug-in 1.1

PowerBuilder Application Server Plugin 1.0

SAP Sybase PowerDesigner 16.5 SP03

SAP Sybase PowerDesigner 16.5 SP02

PowerDesigner 16.5

PowerDesigner 16.1

PowerDesigner 16.0

Real-Time Data Services 4.5

Real Time Data Services 4.0

Real Time Data Services 3.5

Replication Agent 15.0

Replication Agent for DB2 UDB 15.0

SAP Replication Server 15.7.1 SP203

SAP Replication Server 15.7.1 SP202

SAP Replication Server 15.7.1 SP201

SAP Replication Server 15.7.1 SP200

SAP Replication Server 15.7.1 SP200 (Japanese)

SAP Replication Server 15.7.1 SP200 (Simplified Chinese)

Replication Server 15.7.1 SP110

Replication Server 15.7.1 SP100

Replication Server 15.7.1

Replication Server 15.7.1 (Japanese)

Replication Server 15.7.1 (Simplified Chinese)

Replication Server 15.7

Replication Server 15.6

Replication Server 15.5

Replication Server 15.2

Replication Server 15.1

Replication Server 15.0.1

Replication Server 15.0

SAP Replication Server Data Assurance Option 15.7.1 SP202

SAP Replication Server Data Assurance Option 15.7.1 SP200

Replication Server Data Assurance Option 15.7.1 SP110

Replication Server Data Assurance Option 15.7.1 SP100

Replication Server Data Assurance Option 15.7.1

Replication Server - Data Assurance Option 15.7.1 (Japanese)

Replication Server - Data Assurance Option 15.7.1 (Simplified Chinese)

Replication Server Data Assurance Option 15.7

SAP Replication Server, heterogeneous edition 15.7.1 SP200

Replication Server Heterogeneous Edition 15.7.1 SP100

Replication Server Heterogenous Edition 15.7.1

Replication Server Heterogenous Edition 15.7.1 (Japanese)

Replication Server Heterogenous Edition 15.7.1 (Simplified Chinese)

Replication Server Heterogenous Edition 15.6

Replication Server Heterogeneous Edition 15.2

Replication Server Messaging Edition 15.7.1 [SP100]

Replication Server Messaging Edition 15.7.1

Replication Server Messaging Edition 15.2

Replication Server Option for Oracle 15.7.1 ESD #2

SAP Replication Server Options 15.7.1 SP201

SAP Replication Server Options 15.7.1 SP200

Replication Server Options 15.7.1 SP120

Replication Server Options 15.7.1 SP100

Replication Server Options 15.7.1

Replication Server Options 15.7.1 (Japanese)

Replication Server Options 15.7.1 (Simplified Chinese)

Replication Server Options 15.6

Replication Server Options 15.5

Replication Server Options 15.2

Replication Server Options 15.1

Replication Server Options 15.0

Replication Server Real-Time Loading Edition 15.7.1 ESD #2

SAP Mobile Platform SDK 3.0 SP02

SAP Mobile Platform Server 3.0 SP02

SAP Mobile Platform SDK 3.0 and SP01

SAP Mobile Platform 2.3 SP04

SAP Mobile Platform 2.3 SP03

SAP Mobile Platform 2.3 SP02

SAP Mobile Platform 2.3

SAP Sybase RAP 5.0

SDK for SAP ASE 16.0

Software Developers Kit 15.7 SP127

Software Developer's Kit 15.7 SP121

Software Developer's Kit 15.7 SP110

Software Developer's Kit 15.7 SP100

Software Developer's Kit 15.7

Software Developer's Kit 15.5

Software Developer Kit 15.0

Software Developer Kit 12.5.1

SQL Anywhere 12.0.1

SQL Anywhere 12.0.0

SQL Anywhere 11.0.1

SQL Anywhere 11.0.0

SQL Anywhere 10.0.1

SQL Anywhere 10.0

Sybase Aleri Streaming Platform 3.1

Sybase Aleri Streaming Platform 3.2

Sybase Brand Mobiliser 1.3

Sybase Brand Mobiliser 1.2

Sybase Brand Mobiliser 1.1

Sybase CEP Option R4

SAP Control Center 3.3

Sybase Control Center 3.2.8 ESD2

Sybase Control Center 3.2.8 ESD1

Sybase Control Center 3.2.8

Sybase Control Center 3.2.7

Sybase Control Center 3.2.6

Sybase Control Center 3.2.5

Sybase Control Center 3.2.4

Sybase Control Center 3.2.3

Sybase Control Center 3.2.1

Sybase Control Center 3.2

Sybase Control Center 3.1.1

Sybase Control Center 3.1

Sybase Control Center 3.0.1

Sybase Control Center 3.0

Sybase ETL 4.9

Sybase ETL 4.9 (Simplified Chinese)

Sybase ETL 4.9 (Japanese)

Sybase ETL 4.8

Sybase ETL 4.8 - Simplified Chinese

Sybase ETL 4.8 - Japanese

SAP Sybase Event Stream Processor 5.1 SP04

SAP Sybase Event Stream Processor 5.1 SP03

SAP Sybase Event Stream Processor 5.1 SP02

Sybase Event Stream Processor 5.1 SP01

Sybase Event Stream Processor 5.1

Sybase Event Stream Processor 5.0

Sybase Event Stream Processor 5.0 (Japanese)

SAP Sybase IQ 16.0 SP04

SAP Sybase IQ 16.0 SP03

SAP Sybase IQ 16.0 SP03 (Japanese)

SAP Sybase IQ 16.0 SP03 (Simplified Chinese)

SAP Sybase IQ 16.0 SP2

SAP Sybase IQ 16.0 SP01

SAP Sybase IQ 16.0

Sybase IQ 15.4

Sybase IQ 15.4 (Japanese)

Sybase IQ 15.4 (Simplified Chinese)

Sybase IQ 15.3

Sybase IQ InfoPrimer 15.3

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