SQL Statements

Descriptions of the SQL statements available in Sybase IQ, including some that can be used only from Embedded SQL or Interactive SQL.

• Common Elements in SQL Syntax
  Language elements that are found in the syntax of many SQL statements.
• Syntax Conventions
  Conventions used in the SQL syntax descriptions.
• Statement Applicability Indicators
  Some statement titles are followed by an indicator in square brackets that shows where the statement can be used.
• ALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR Statement [ESQL]
  Allocates space for a SQL descriptor area (SQLDA).
• ALTER DATABASE Statement
  Upgrades a database created with a previous version of the software or adds or removes jConnect™ for JDBC™ support. Run this statement with Interactive SQL.
• ALTER DBSPACE Statement
  Changes the read/write mode, changes the size, or extends an existing dbspace.
• ALTER DOMAIN Statement
  Renames a user-defined domain or data type. Does not rename Java types.
• ALTER EVENT Statement
  Changes the definition of an event or its associated handler for automating predefined actions. Also alters the definition of scheduled actions.
• ALTER FUNCTION Statement
  Modifies an existing function. Include the entire modified function in the ALTER FUNCTION statement.
• ALTER INDEX Statement
  Renames indexes in base or global temporary tables and foreign key role names of indexes and foreign keys explicitly created by a user.
• ALTER LOGICAL SERVER Statement
  Modifies configuration for the existing user-defined logical server in the database.
• ALTER LOGIN POLICY Statement
  This statement performs two functions. It can modify option values for existing login policies in the database or configure logical server access.
• ALTER LS POLICY Statement
  Modifies some or all option values for the existing root logical server policy in the database.
• ALTER MULTIPLEX RENAME Statement
  Renames the multiplex and stores the multiplex name in SYS.ISYSIQINFO system table.
• ALTER MULTIPLEX SERVER Statement
  Changes the name, catalog file path, role, or status of the given server.
• ALTER PROCEDURE Statement
  Replaces an existing procedure with a modified version. Include the entire modified procedure in the ALTER PROCEDURE statement, and reassign user permissions on the procedure.
• ALTER SERVER Statement
  Modifies the attributes of a remote server.
• ALTER SERVICE Statement
  Alters a Web service.
• ALTER TABLE Statement
  Modifies a table definition.
• ALTER TEXT CONFIGURATION Statement
  Alters a text configuration object.
• ALTER TEXT INDEX Statement
  Alters the definition of a TEXT index.
• ALTER USER Statement
  Changes user settings.
• ALTER VIEW Statement
  Replaces a view definition with a modified version.
• BACKUP Statement
  Backs up a Sybase IQ database on one or more archive devices.
• BEGIN … END Statement
  Groups SQL statements together.
• BEGIN PARALLEL IQ … END PARALLEL IQ Statement
  Groups CREATE INDEX statements together for execution at the same time.
• BEGIN TRANSACTION Statement [T-SQL]
  Use this statement to begin a user-defined transaction.
• CALL Statement
  Invokes a procedure.
• CASE Statement
  Selects execution path based on multiple cases.
• CHECKPOINT Statement
  Checkpoints the database.
• CLEAR Statement [Interactive SQL]
  Closes any open result sets in Interactive SQL (dbisql).
• CLOSE Statement [ESQL] [SP]
  Closes a cursor.
• COMMENT Statement
  Stores a comment about a database object in the system tables.
• COMMENT ON LOGICAL SERVER Statement
  Comments on the user-defined logical server.
• COMMIT Statement
  Makes changes to the database permanent, or terminates a user-defined transaction.
• CONFIGURE Statement [Interactive SQL]
  Activates the Interactive SQL (dbisql) configuration window.
• CONNECT Statement [ESQL] [Interactive SQL]
  Establishes a connection to a database.
• CREATE DATABASE Statement
  Creates a database consisting of several operating system files.
• CREATE DBSPACE Statement
  Creates a new dbspace and the associated dbfiles for the IQ main store or catalog store.
• CREATE DOMAIN Statement
  Creates a user-defined data type in the database.
• CREATE EVENT Statement
  Defines an event and its associated handler for automating predefined actions. Also defines scheduled actions.
• CREATE EXISTING TABLE Statement
  Creates a new proxy table that represents an existing table on a remote server.
• CREATE EXTERNLOGIN Statement
  Assigns an alternate login name and password to be used when communicating with a remote server.
• CREATE FUNCTION Statement
  Creates a new function in the database.
• CREATE INDEX Statement
  Creates an index on a specified table, or pair of tables.
• CREATE JOIN INDEX Statement
  Creates a join index, which defines a group of tables that are prejoined through specific columns, to improve performance of queries using tables in a join operation.
• CREATE LOGICAL SERVER Statement
  Creates a user-defined logical server.
• CREATE LOGIN POLICY Statement
  Creates a login policy in the database.
• CREATE MESSAGE Statement [T-SQL]
  Adds a user-defined message to the SYSUSERMESSAGES system table for use by PRINT and RAISERROR statements.
• CREATE MULTIPLEX SERVER Statement
  Creates a multiplex server.
• CREATE PROCEDURE Statement
  Creates a new user-defined SQL procedure in the database.
• CREATE PROCEDURE Statement [T-SQL]
  Creates a new procedure that is compatible with Adaptive Server Enterprise.
• CREATE PROCEDURE Statement (External Procedures)
  Creates an interface to a native or external procedure.
• CREATE SCHEMA Statement
  Creates a schema, which is a collection of tables, views, and permissions and their associated permissions, for a database user.
• CREATE SERVER Statement
  Adds a server to the ISYSSERVER table.
• CREATE SERVICE Statement
  Permits a database server to act as a Web server.
• CREATE TABLE Statement
  Creates a new table in the database or on a remote server.
• CREATE TEXT CONFIGURATION Statement
  Creates a text configuration object.
• CREATE TEXT INDEX Statement
  Creates a TEXT index.
• CREATE USER Statement
  Creates a user.
• CREATE VARIABLE Statement
  Creates a SQL variable.
• CREATE VIEW Statement
  Creates a view on the database. Views are used to give a different perspective on the data even though it is not stored that way.
• DEALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR Statement [ESQL]
  Frees memory associated with a SQL descriptor area.
• Declaration Section [ESQL]
  Declares host variables in an Embedded SQL program. Host variables are used to exchange data with the database.
• DECLARE Statement
  Declares a SQL variable within a compound statement (BEGIN... END).
• DECLARE CURSOR Statement [ESQL] [SP]
  Declares a cursor. Cursors are the primary means for manipulating the results of queries.
• DECLARE CURSOR Statement [T-SQL]
  Declares a cursor that is compatible with Adaptive Server Enterprise.
• DECLARE LOCAL TEMPORARY TABLE Statement
  Declares a local temporary table.
• DELETE Statement
  Deletes rows from the database.
• DELETE (positioned) Statement [ESQL] [SP]
  Deletes the data at the current location of a cursor.
• DESCRIBE Statement [ESQL]
  Gets information about the host variables required to store data retrieved from the database or host variables used to pass data to the database.
• DISCONNECT Statement [Interactive SQL]
  Drops a connection with the database.
• DROP Statement
  Removes objects from the database.
• DROP CONNECTION Statement
  Drops any user connection to the database.
• DROP DATABASE Statement
  Drops a database and its associated dbspace segment files.
• DROP EXTERNLOGIN Statement
  Drops an external login from the Sybase IQ system tables.
• DROP LOGIN POLICY Statement
  Removes a login policy from the database.
• DROP LOGICAL SERVER Statement
  Drops a user-defined logical server.
• DROP MULTIPLEX SERVER Statement
  Deletes a server from the multiplex.
• DROP SERVER Statement
  Drops a remote server from the Sybase IQ system tables.
• DROP SERVICE Statement
  Deletes a Web service.
• DROP STATEMENT Statement [ESQL]
  Frees statement resources.
• DROP TEXT CONFIGURATION Statement
  Drops a text configuration object.
• DROP TEXT INDEX Statement
  Removes a TEXT index from the database.
• DROP USER Statement
  Removes a user.
• DROP VARIABLE Statement
  Eliminates a SQL variable.
• EXECUTE Statement [ESQL]
  Executes a SQL statement.
• EXECUTE Statement [T-SQL]
  Invokes a procedure, as an Adaptive Server Enterprise-compatible alternative to the CALL statement.
• EXECUTE IMMEDIATE Statement [ESQL] [SP]
  Enables dynamically constructed statements to be executed from within a procedure.
• EXIT Statement [Interactive SQL]
  Leaves Interactive SQL.
• FETCH Statement [ESQL] [SP]
  Repositions a cursor and gets data from it.
• FOR Statement
  Repeats the execution of a statement list once for each row in a cursor.
• FORWARD TO Statement
  Sends native syntax to a remote server.
• FROM Clause
  Specifies the database tables or views involved in a SELECT statement.
• GET DESCRIPTOR Statement [ESQL]
  Retrieves information about variables within a descriptor area, or retrieves actual data from a variable in a descriptor area.
• GOTO Statement [T-SQL]
  Branches to a labeled statement.
• GRANT Statement
  Gives permissions to specific users and creates new user IDs.
• IF Statement
  Provides conditional execution of SQL statements.
• IF Statement [T-SQL]
  Provides conditional execution of a Transact-SQL statement, as an alternative to the Sybase IQ IF statement.
• INCLUDE Statement [ESQL]
  Includes a file into a source program to be scanned by the SQL source language preprocessor.
• INSERT Statement
  Inserts into a table either a single row (Syntax 1) or a selection of rows (Syntax 2) from elsewhere in the current database. Inserts a selection of rows from another database (Syntax 3).
• INSTALL JAVA Statement
  Makes Java classes available for use within a database.
• IQ UTILITIES Statement
  Collects statistics on the buffer caches for a Sybase IQ database.
• LEAVE Statement
  Continues execution by leaving a compound statement or LOOP.
• LOAD TABLE Statement
  Imports data into a database table from an external file.
• LOCK TABLE Statement
  Prevents other concurrent transactions from accessing or modifying a table within the specified time.
• LOOP Statement
  Repeats the execution of a statement list.
• MESSAGE Statement
  Displays a message.
• OPEN Statement [ESQL] [SP]
  Opens a previously declared cursor to access information from the database.
• OUTPUT Statement [Interactive SQL]
  Writes the current query results to a file.
• PARAMETERS Statement [Interactive SQL]
  Specifies parameters to an Interactive SQL (dbisql) command file.
• PREPARE Statement [ESQL]
  Prepares a statement to be executed later or used for a cursor.
• PRINT Statement [T-SQL]
  Displays a message on the message window of the database server.
• PUT Statement [ESQL]
  Inserts a row into the specified cursor.
• RAISERROR Statement [T-SQL]
  Signals an error and sends a message to the client.
• READ Statement [Interactive SQL]
  Reads Interactive SQL (dbisql) statements from a file.
• RELEASE SAVEPOINT Statement
  Releases a savepoint within the current transaction.
• REMOVE Statement
  Removes a class, a package, or a JAR file from a database. Removed classes are no longer available for use as a variable type.
• RESIGNAL Statement
  Resignals an exception condition.
• RESTORE Statement
  Restores a Sybase IQ database backup from one or more archive devices.
• RESUME Statement
  Resumes a procedure after a query.
• RETURN Statement
  Exits a function or procedure unconditionally, optionally providing a return value. Statements following RETURN are not executed.
• REVOKE Statement
  Removes permissions for specified users.
• ROLLBACK Statement
  Undoes any changes made since the last COMMIT or ROLLBACK.
• ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT Statement
  Cancels any changes made since a SAVEPOINT.
• ROLLBACK TRANSACTION Statement [T-SQL]
  Cancels any changes made since a SAVE TRANSACTION.
• SAVEPOINT Statement
  Establishes a savepoint within the current transaction.
• SAVE TRANSACTION Statement [T-SQL]
  Establishes a savepoint within the current transaction.
• SELECT Statement
  Retrieves information from the database.
• SET Statement [ESQL]
  Assigns a value to a SQL variable.
• SET Statement [T-SQL]
  Sets database options in an Adaptive Server Enterprise-compatible manner.
• SET CONNECTION Statement [ESQL] [Interactive SQL]
  Changes the active database connection.
• SET DESCRIPTOR Statement [ESQL]
  Describes the variables in a SQL descriptor area, and places data into the descriptor area.
• SET OPTION Statement
  Changes database options.
• SET OPTION Statement [Interactive SQL]
  Changes Interactive SQL (dbisql) options.
• SET SQLCA Statement [ESQL]
  Tells the SQL preprocessor to use a SQLCA other than the default global sqlca.
• SIGNAL Statement
  Signals an exception condition.
• START DATABASE Statement [Interactive SQL]
  Starts a database on the specified database server.
• START ENGINE Statement [Interactive SQL]
  Starts a database server.
• START JAVA Statement
  Starts the Java VM.
• STOP DATABASE Statement [Interactive SQL]
  Stops a database on the specified database server.
• STOP ENGINE Statement [Interactive SQL]
  Stops a database server.
• STOP JAVA Statement
  Releases resources associated with the Java VM.
• SYNCHRONIZE JOIN INDEX Statement
  Synchronizes one or more join indexes after one of their base tables has been updated.
• TRIGGER EVENT Statement
  Triggers a named event. The event may be defined for event triggers or be a scheduled event.
• TRUNCATE TABLE Statement
  Deletes all rows from a table without deleting the table definition.
• UNION Operation
  Combines the results of two or more select statements.
• UPDATE Statement
  Modifies existing rows of a single table, or a view that contains only one table.
• UPDATE (positioned) Statement [ESQL] [SP]
  Modifies the data at the current location of a cursor.
• WAITFOR Statement
  Delays processing for the current connection for a specified amount of time or until a given time.
• WHENEVER Statement [ESQL]
  Specifies error handling in an Embedded SQL program.
• WHILE Statement [T-SQL]
  Provides repeated execution of a statement or compound statement.