Alphabetical List of Functions

This section describes each SQL function individually.

The function type, for example, Numeric or String, is indicated in brackets next to the function name.

Some of the results in the examples have been rounded or truncated.

The actual values of database object IDs, such as the object ID of a table or the column ID of a column, might differ from the values shown in the examples.

• ABS Function [Numeric]
  Returns the absolute value of a numeric expression.
• ACOS Function [Numeric]
  Returns the arc-cosine, in radians, of a numeric expression.
• ARGN Function [Miscellaneous]
  Returns a selected argument from a list of arguments.
• ASCII Function [String]
  Returns the integer ASCII value of the first byte in a string-expression.
• ASIN Function [Numeric]
  Returns the arc-sine, in radians, of a number.
• ATAN Function [Numeric]
  Returns the arc-tangent, in radians, of a number.
• ATAN2 Function [Numeric]
  Returns the arc-tangent, in radians, of the ratio of two numbers.
• AVG Function [Aggregate]
  Computes the average of a numeric expression for a set of rows, or computes the average of a set of unique values.
• BFILE Function [Data extraction]
  Extracts individual LONG BINARY and LONG VARCHAR cells to individual operating system files on the server.
• BIGINTTOHEX Function [Data Type Conversion]
  Returns the hexadecimal equivalent in VARCHAR(16) of a decimal integer.
• BIT_LENGTH Function [String]
  Returns an unsigned 64-bit value containing the bit length of the column parameter.
• BYTE_LENGTH Function [String]
  Returns the number of bytes in a string.
• BYTE_LENGTH64 Function
  BYTE_LENGTH64 returns an unsigned 64-bit value containing the byte length of the LONG BINARY column parameter.
• BYTE_SUBSTR64 and BYTE_SUBSTR Functions
  BYTE_SUBSTR64 and BYTE_SUBSTR return the long binary byte substring of the LONG BINARY column parameter.
• CAST Function [Data Type Conversion]
  Returns the value of an expression converted to a supplied data type.
• CEIL Function [Numeric]
  Returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to the specified expression.
• CEILING Function [Numeric]
  Returns the ceiling (smallest integer not less than) of a number.
• CHAR function [String]
  Returns the character with the ASCII value of a number.
• CHAR_LENGTH Function [String]
  Returns the number of characters in a string.
• CHAR_LENGTH64 Function
  The CHAR_LENGTH64 function returns an unsigned 64-bit value containing the character length of the LONG VARCHAR column parameter, including the trailing blanks.
• CHARINDEX Function [String]
  Returns the position of the first occurrence of a specified string in another string.
• COALESCE Function [Miscellaneous]
  Returns the first non-NULL expression from a list.
• COL_LENGTH Function [System]
  Returns the defined length of a column.
• COL_NAME Function [System]
  Returns the column name.
• CONNECTION_PROPERTY Function [System]
  Returns the value of a given connection property as a string.
• CONVERT Function [Data Type Conversion]
  Returns an expression converted to a supplied data type.
• CORR Function [Aggregate]
  Returns the correlation coefficient of a set of number pairs.
• COS Function [Numeric]
  Returns the cosine of a number, expressed in radians.
• COT Function [Numeric]
  Returns the cotangent of a number, expressed in radians.
• COVAR_POP Function [Aggregate]
  Returns the population covariance of a set of number pairs.
• COVAR_SAMP Function [Aggregate]
  Returns the sample covariance of a set of number pairs.
• COUNT Function [Aggregate]
  Counts the number of rows in a group, depending on the specified parameters.
• CUME_DIST Function [Analytical]
  The CUME_DIST function is a rank analytical function that calculates the relative position of one value among a group of rows. It returns a decimal value between 0 and 1.
• DATALENGTH Function [System]
  Returns the length of the expression in bytes.
• DATE Function [Date and Time]
  Converts the expression into a date, and removes any hours, minutes, or seconds.
• DATEADD Function [Date and Time]
  Returns the date produced by adding the specified number of the specified date parts to a date.
• DATECEILING Function [Date and Time]
  Calculates a new date, time, or datetime value by increasing the provided value up to the nearest larger value of the specified granularity.
• DATEDIFF Function [Date and Time]
  Returns the interval between two dates.
• DATEFLOOR Function [Date and Time]
  Calculates a new date, time, or datetime value by reducing the provided value down to the nearest lower value of the specified multiple with the specified granularity.
• DATEFORMAT Function [Date and Time]
  Returns a string representing a date expression in the specified format.
• DATENAME Function [Date and Time]
  Returns the name of the specified part (such as the month “June”) of a date/time value, as a character string.
• DATEPART Function [Date and Time]
  Returns an integer value for the specified part of a date/time value.
• DATEROUND Function [Date and Time]
  Calculates a new date, time, or datetime value by rounding the provided value up or down to the nearest multiple of the specified value with the specified granularity.
• DATETIME Function [Date and Time]
  Converts an expression into a timestamp.
• DAY Function [Date and Time]
  Returns an integer from 1 to 31 corresponding to the day of the month of the date specified.
• DAYNAME Function [Date and Time]
  Returns the name of the day of the week from the specified date.
• DAYS Function [Date and Time]
  Returns the number of days since an arbitrary starting date, returns the number of days between two specified dates, or adds the specified integer-expression number of days to a given date.
• DB_ID Function [System]
  Returns the database ID number.
• DB_NAME Function [System]
  Returns the database name.
• DB_PROPERTY Function [System]
  Returns the value of the given property.
• DEGREES Function [Numeric]
  Converts a number from radians to degrees.
• DENSE_RANK Function [Analytical]
  Ranks items in a group.
• DIFFERENCE Function [String]
  Compares two strings, evaluates the similarity between them, and returns a value from 0 to 4.
• DOW Function [Date and Time]
  Returns a number from 1 to 7 representing the day of the week of the specified date, with Sunday=1, Monday=2, and so on.
• ERRORMSG Function [Miscellaneous]
  Provides the error message for the current error, or for a specified SQLSTATE or SQLCODE value.
• EVENT_CONDITION Function [System]
  Specifies when an event handler is triggered.
• EVENT_CONDITION_NAME Function [System]
  Can be used to list the possible parameters for EVENT_CONDITION.
• EVENT_PARAMETER Function [System]
  Provides context information for event handlers.
• EXP Function [Numeric]
  Returns the exponential function, e to the power of a number.
• EXP_WEIGHTED_AVG Function [Aggregate]
  Calculates an exponential weighted moving average.
• FIRST_VALUE Function [Aggregate]
  Returns the first value from a set of values.
• FLOOR Function [Numeric]
  Returns the floor of (largest integer not greater than) a number.
• GETDATE Function [Date and Time]
  Returns the current date and time.
• GRAPHICAL_PLAN Function [String]
  Returns the graphical query plan to Interactive SQL in an XML format string.
• GROUPING Function [Aggregate]
  Identifies whether a column in a ROLLUP or CUBE operation result set is NULL because it is part of a subtotal row, or NULL because of the underlying data.
• GROUP_MEMBER Function [System]
  Identifies whether the user belongs to the specified group.
• HEXTOBIGINT Function [Data Type Conversion]
  Returns the BIGINT equivalent of a hexadecimal string.
• HEXTOINT Function [Data Type Conversion]
  Returns the unsigned BIGINT equivalent of a hexadecimal string.
• HOUR Function [Date and Time]
  Returns a number from 0 to 23 corresponding to the hour component of the specified date/time.
• HOURS Function [Date and Time]
  Returns the number of hours since an arbitrary starting date and time, the number of whole hours between two specified times, or adds the specified integer-expression number of hours to a time.
• HTML_DECODE Function [HTTP]
  Decodes special character entities that appear in HTML literal strings.
• HTML_ENCODE Function [HTTP]
  Encodes special characters within strings to be inserted into HTML documents.
• HTML_PLAN Function [String]
  Returns query plans in an HTML format string.
• HTTP_DECODE Function [HTTP]
  Decodes special characters within strings for use with HTTP.
• HTTP_ENCODE Function [HTTP]
  Encodes special characters in strings for use with HTTP.
• HTTP_HEADER Function [HTTP]
  Gets the value of an HTTP header.
• HTTP_VARIABLE function [HTTP]
  Gets the value of an HTTP variable.
• IFNULL Function [Miscellaneous]
  Returns the first nonnull expression, or NULL.
• INDEX_COL Function [System]
  Returns the name of the indexed column.
• INSERTSTR Function [String]
  Inserts a string into another string at a specified position.
• INTTOHEX Function [Data Type Conversion]
  Returns the hexadecimal equivalent of a decimal integer.
• ISDATE Function [Date and Time]
  Tests whether a string argument can be converted to a date.
• ISNULL Function [Miscellaneous]
  Returns the value of the first non-NULL expression in the parameter list.
• ISNUMERIC Function [Miscellaneous]
  Tests whether a string argument can be converted to a numeric.
• LAG Function [Analytical]
  An inter-row function that returns the value of an attribute in a previous row in the table or table partition.
• LAST_VALUE Function [Aggregate]
  Returns the last value from a set of values.
• LCASE Function [String]
  Converts all characters in a string to lowercase.
• LEAD Function [Analytical]
  An inter-row function that returns the value of an attribute in a subsequent row in the table or table partition.
• LEFT Function [String]
  Returns a specified number of characters from the beginning of a string.
• LEN Function [String]
  Takes one argument as an input of type BINARY or STRING and returns the number of characters, as defined by the database's collation sequence, of a specified string expression, excluding trailing blanks.
• LENGTH Function [String]
  Returns the number of characters in the specified string.
• LIST function [Aggregate]
  Returns a comma-delimited list of values.
• LN Function [Numeric]
  Returns the natural logarithm of the specified expression.
• LOCATE Function [String]
  Returns the position of one string within another.
• LOG Function [Numeric]
  Returns the natural logarithm of a number.
• LOG10 Function [Numeric]
  Returns the base 10 logarithm of a number.
• LOWER Function [String]
  Converts all characters in a string to lowercase.
• LTRIM Function [String]
  Removes leading blanks from a string.
• MAX Function [Aggregate]
  Returns the maximum expression value found in each group of rows.
• MEDIAN Function [Aggregate]
  Returns the median of an expression.
• MIN Function [Aggregate]
  Returns the minimum expression value found in each group of rows.
• MINUTE Function [Date and Time]
  Returns a number from 0 to 59 corresponding to the minute component of the specified date/time value.
• MINUTES Function [Date and Time]
  Returns the number of minutes since an arbitrary date and time, the number of whole minutes between two specified times, or adds the specified integer-expression number of minutes to a time.
• MOD Function [Numeric]
  Returns the remainder when one whole number is divided by another.
• MONTH Function [Date and Time]
  Returns a number from 1 to 12 corresponding to the month of the given date.
• MONTHNAME Function [Date and Time]
  Returns the name of the month from the specified date expression.
• MONTHS Function [Date and Time]
  Returns the number of months since an arbitrary starting date/time or the number of months between two specified date/times, or adds the specified integer-expression number of months to a date/time.
• NEWID Function [Miscellaneous]
  Generates a UUID (Universally Unique Identifier) value.
• NEXT_CONNECTION Function [System]
  Returns the next connection number, or the first connection if the parameter is NULL.
• NEXT_DATABASE Function [System]
  Returns the next database ID number, or the first database if the parameter is NULL.
• NEXT_HTTP_HEADER Function [HTTP]
  Gets the next HTTP header name.
• NEXT_HTTP_VARIABLE Function [HTTP]
  Get the next HTTP variable name.
• NOW Function [Date and Time]
  Returns the current date and time. This is the historical syntax for CURRENT TIMESTAMP.
• NTILE Function [Analytical]
  Distributes query results into a specified number of buckets and assigns the bucket number to each row in the bucket.
• NULLIF Function [Miscellaneous]
  Provides an abbreviated CASE expression by comparing expressions.
• NUMBER Function [Miscellaneous]
  Generates numbers starting at 1 for each successive row in the results of the query.
• OBJECT_ID Function [System]
  Returns the object ID.
• OBJECT_NAME Function [System]
  Returns the object name.
• OCTET_LENGTH Function [String]
  Returns an unsigned 64-bit value containing the byte length of the column parameter.
• PATINDEX Function [String]
  Returns the starting position of the first occurrence of a specified pattern.
• PERCENT_RANK Function [Analytical]
  Computes the (fractional) position of one row returned from a query with respect to the other rows returned by the query, as defined by the ORDER BY clause.
• PERCENTILE_CONT Function [Analytical]
  Given a percentile, returns the value that corresponds to that percentile. Assumes a continuous distribution data model.
• PERCENTILE_DISC Function [Analytical]
  Given a percentile, returns the value that corresponds to that percentile. Assumes a discrete distribution data model.
• PI Function [Numeric]
  Returns the numeric value PI.
• POWER Function [Numeric]
  Calculates one number raised to the power of another.
• PROPERTY Function [System]
  Returns the value of the specified server-level property as a string.
• PROPERTY_DESCRIPTION Function [System]
  Returns a description of a property.
• PROPERTY_NAME Function [System]
  Returns the name of the property with the supplied property number.
• PROPERTY_NUMBER Function [System]
  Returns the property number of the property with the supplied property name.
• QUARTER Function [Date and Time]
  Returns a number indicating the quarter of the year from the supplied date expression.
• RADIANS Function [Numeric]
  Converts a number from degrees to radians.
• RAND Function [Numeric]
  Returns a DOUBLE precision, random number x, where 0 <= x <1, with an optional seed.
• RANK Function [Analytical]
  Ranks items in a group.
• REGR_AVGX Function [Aggregate]
  Computes the average of the independent variable of the regression line.
• REGR_AVGY Function [Aggregate]
  Computes the average of the dependent variable of the regression line.
• REGR_COUNT Function [Aggregate]
  Returns an integer that represents the number of non-NULL number pairs used to fit the regression line.
• REGR_INTERCEPT Function [Aggregate]
  Computes the y-intercept of the linear regression line that best fits the dependent and independent variables.
• REGR_R2 Function [Aggregate]
  Computes the coefficient of determination (also referred to as R-squared or the goodness-of-fit statistic) for the regression line.
• REGR_SLOPE Function [Aggregate]
  Computes the slope of the linear regression line, fitted to non-NULL pairs.
• REGR_SXX Function [Aggregate]
  Computes the slope of the linear regression line, fitted to non-NULL pairs.
• REGR_SXY Function [Aggregate]
  Returns the sum of products of the dependent and independent variables. Use REGR_SXY to evaluate the statistical validity of a regression model.
• REGR_SYY Function [Aggregate]
  Returns values that can evaluate the statistical validity of a regression model.
• REMAINDER Function [Numeric]
  Returns the remainder when one whole number is divided by another.
• REPEAT Function [String]
  Concatenates a string a specified number of times.
• REPLACE Function [String]
  Replaces all occurrences of a substring with another substring.
• REPLICATE Function [String]
  Concatenates a string a specified number of times.
• REVERSE Function [String]
  Takes one argument as an input of type BINARY or STRING and returns the specified string with characters listed in reverse order.
• RIGHT Function [String]
  Returns the rightmost characters of a string.
• ROUND Function [Numeric]
  Rounds the numeric-expression to the specified integer-expression number of places after the decimal point.
• ROW_NUMBER Function [Analytical]
  A ranking function that returns a unique row number for each row in a window partition, restarting the row numbering at the start of every window partition.
• ROWID Function [Miscellaneous]
  Returns the internal row ID value for each row of the table.
• RTRIM Function [String]
  Returns a string with trailing blanks removed.
• SECOND Function [Date and Time]
  Returns a number from 0 to 59 corresponding to the second component of the given date/time value.
• SECONDS Function [Date and Time]
  Returns the number of seconds since an arbitrary starting date and time, the number of seconds between two times, or adds an integer amount of seconds to a time.
• SIGN Function [Numeric]
  Returns the sign of a number.
• SIMILAR Function [String]
  Returns an integer between 0 and 100 representing the similarity between two strings.
• SIN Function [Numeric]
  Returns the sine of a number, expressed in radians.
• SORTKEY Function [String]
  Generates values that can be used to sort character strings based on alternate collation rules.
• SOUNDEX Function [String]
  Returns a number representing the sound of a string.
• SPACE Function [String]
  Returns a specified number of spaces.
• SQLFLAGGER Function [Miscellaneous]
  Returns the conformity of a given SQL statement to a specified standard.
• SQRT Function [Numeric]
  Returns the square root of a number.
• SQUARE Function [Numeric]
  Returns the square of the specified expression as a float.
• STDDEV Function [Aggregate]
  Returns the standard deviation of a set of numbers.
• STDDEV_POP Function [Aggregate]
  Computes the standard deviation of a population consisting of a numeric-expression, as a DOUBLE.
• STDDEV_SAMP Function [Aggregate]
  Computes the standard deviation of a sample consisting of a numeric-expression, as a DOUBLE.
• STR Function [String]
  Returns the string equivalent of a number.
• STR_REPLACE Function [String]
  Takes three arguments as input of type BINARY or STRING and replaces any instances of the second string expression (string_expr2) that occur within the first string expression (string_expr1) with a third expression (string_expr3).
• STRING Function [String]
  Concatenates one or more strings into one large string.
• STRTOUUID Function [String]
  Converts a string value to a unique identifier (UUID or GUID) value.
• STUFF Function [String]
  Deletes a number of characters from one string and replaces them with another string.
• SUBSTRING Function [String]
  Returns a substring of a string.
• SUBSTRING64 Function [String]
  The SUBSTRING64 function returns a variable-length character string of the large object column or variable parameter.
• SUM Function [Aggregate]
  Returns the total of the specified expression for each group of rows.
• SUSER_ID Function [System]
  Returns an integer user identification number.
• SUSER_NAME Function [System]
  Returns the user name.
• TAN Function [Numeric]
  Returns the tangent of a number.
• TODAY Function [Date and time]
  Returns the current date. This is the historical syntax for CURRENT DATE.
• TRIM Function [String]
  Removes leading and trailing blanks from a string.
• TRUNCNUM Function [Numeric]
  Truncates a number at a specified number of places after the decimal point.
• TS_ARMA_AR Function [Time Series]
  Calculates the least-square estimates of parameters for an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model, and returns the requested autoregressive estimate.
• TS_ARMA_CONST Function [Time Series]
  Calculates the least-square estimates of parameters for an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model, and returns an estimated constant.
• TS_ARMA_MA Function [Time Series]
  Calculates the least-square estimates of parameters for an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model, and returns the requested moving average estimate.
• TS_AUTOCORRELATION function [Time Series]
  Calculates the sample autocorrelation function of a stationary time series.
• TS_AUTO_ARIMA Function [Time Series]
  Determines parameters of a multiplicative seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, and produces forecasts that incorporate the effects of outliers whose effects persist beyond the end of the series.
• TS_AUTO_ARIMA_OUTLIER Function [Time Series]
  Like the TS_AUTO_ARIMA aggregate function, TS_AUTO_ARIMA_OUTLIER accepts an input time series and automatically determines the parameters of a multiplicative seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model.
• TS_AUTO_ARIMA_RESULT_AIC Function [Time Series]
  Retrieves the Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) output parameter produced by TS_AUTO_ARIMA.
• TS_AUTO_ARIMA_RESULT_AICC Function [Time Series]
  Retrieves the corrected AIC (AICC) output parameter produced by TS_AUTO_ARIMA.
• TS_AUTO_ARIMA_RESULT_BIC Function [Time Series]
  Retrieves the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) output parameter produced by TS_AUTO_ARIMA.
• TS_AUTO_ARIMA_RESULT_FORECAST_VALUE Function [Time Series]
  Retrieves the forecasted values for the requested outlier free series produced by TS_AUTO_ARIMA.
• TS_AUTO_ARIMA_RESULT_FORECAST_ERROR Function [Time Series]
  Retrieves the forecasted standard error values for the original input series produced by TS_AUTO_ARIMA.
• TS_AUTO_ARIMA_RESULT_MODEL_D Function [Time Series]
  Retrieves the d value produced by TS_AUTO_ARIMA when computing the ARIMA model description.
• TS_AUTO_ARIMA_RESULT_MODEL_P Function [Time Series]
  Retrieves the p value produced by TS_AUTO_ARIMA when computing the ARIMA model description.
• TS_AUTO_ARIMA_RESULT_MODEL_Q [Time Series]
  Retrieves the q value produced by TS_AUTO_ARIMA when computing the ARIMA model description.
• TS_AUTO_ARIMA_RESULT_MODEL_S function [Time Series]
  Retrieves the s value produced by TS_AUTO_ARIMA when computing the ARIMA model description.
• TS_AUTO_ARIMA_RESULT_RESIDUAL_SIGMA [Time Series]
  Retrieves the residual standard error of the outlier-free data points.
• TS_AUTO_UNI_AR Function [Time Series]
  Performs automatic selection and fitting of a univariate autoregressive time series model.
• TS_BOX_COX_XFORM Function [Time Series]
  Performs a forward or inverse Box-Cox power transformation.
• TS_DIFFERENCE Function [Time Series]
  Differences a seasonal or nonseasonal time series.
• TS_DOUBLE_ARRAY [Time Series]
  A supporting function for the TS_GARCH function. Constructs a logical array consisting of three to ten constant double precision floating point values, and returns a single varbinary value.
• TS_ESTIMATE_MISSING Function [Time Series]
  Estimates the missing values in a time series and returns them as a new time series, interspersed with the original time series.
• TS_GARCH Function [Time Series]
  Computes estimates of the parameters of a GARCH (p, q) model.
• TS_GARCH_RESULT_A Function [Time Series]
  A supporting function for the TS_GARCH function. Retrieves the Log-Likelihood output parameter, A, produced by the TS_GARCH aggregate function.
• TS_GARCH_RESULT_AIC Function [Time Series]
  A supporting function for the TS_GARCH function. Retrieves the Akaike Information Criterion output parameter, AIC, produced by the TS_GARCH aggregate function.
• TS_GARCH_RESULT_USER [Time Series]
  A supporting function for the TS_GARCH function. Accesses each element in the logical array that describes the GARCH(p,q) model.
• TS_INT_ARRAY [Time Series]
  A supporting function for the TS_AUTO_ARIMA function and the TS_AUTO_ARIMA_OUTLIER function. Constructs a logical array of constant integer values encoded as a varbinary value.
• TS_LACK_OF_FIT Function [Time Series]
  Performs the lack-of-fit test for a univariate time series or transfer function, given the appropriate correlation function.
• TS_LACK_OF_FIT_P Function [Time Series]
  Performs the lack-of-fit test for a univariate time series. This function is identical to the TS_LACK_OF_FIT function, except that it returns the p-value of q, rather than returning q.
• TS_MAX_ARMA_AR Function [Time Series]
  Calculates the exact maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters in a univariate ARMA (autoregressive moving average) time series model, and returns the requested autoregressive estimate.
• TS_MAX_ARMA_CONST Function [Time Series]
  Calculates the exact maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters in a univariate ARMA (autoregressive moving average) time series model, and returns the constant estimate.
• TS_MAX_ARMA_LIKELIHOOD Function [Time Series]
  Calculates the exact maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters in a univariate ARMA (autoregressive moving average) time series model, and returns likelihood value (ln) for the fitted model.
• TS_MAX_ARMA_MA Function [Time Series]
  Calculates the exact maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters in a univariate ARMA (autoregressive moving average) time series model, and returns the requested moving average estimate.
• TS_OUTLIER_IDENTIFICATION Function [Time Series]
  Detects and determines outliers and simultaneously estimates the model parameters in a time series where the underlying outlier-free series follows a general seasonal or non-seasonal ARMA model.
• TS_PARTIAL_AUTOCORRELATION Function [Time Series]
  Calculates the sample partial autocorrelation function of a stationary time series.
• TS_VWAP Function [Time Series]
  VWAP stands for volume-weighted average price. TS_VWAP calculates the ratio of the value traded to the total volume traded over a particular time horizon.
• UCASE Function [String]
  Converts all characters in a string to uppercase.
• UPPER Function [String]
  Converts all characters in a string to uppercase.
• USER_ID Function [System]
  Returns an integer user identification number.
• USER_NAME Function [System]
  Returns the user name.
• UUIDTOSTR Function [String]
  Converts a unique identifier value (UUID, also known as GUID) to a string value.
• VAR_POP Function [Aggregate]
  Computes the statistical variance of a population consisting of a numeric-expression, as a DOUBLE.
• VAR_SAMP Function [Aggregate]
  Computes the statistical variance of a sample consisting of a numeric-expression, as a DOUBLE.
• VARIANCE Function [Aggregate]
  Returns the variance of a set of numbers.
• WEEKS Function [Date and Time]
  Returns the number of weeks since an arbitrary starting date/time, returns the number of weeks between two specified date/times, or adds the specified integer-expression number of weeks to a date/time.
• WEIGHTED_AVG Function [Aggregate]
  Calculates an arithmetically (or linearly) weighted average.
• WIDTH_BUCKET Function [Numerical]
  For a given expression, the WIDTH_BUCKET function returns the bucket number that the result of this expression will be assigned after it is evaluated.
• YEAR Function [Date and Time]
  Returns a 4-digit number corresponding to the year of the given date/time.
• YEARS Function [Date and Time]
  Returns a 4-digit number corresponding to the year of a given date/time, returns the number of years between two specified date/times, or adds the specified integer-expression number of years to a date/time.
• YMD Function [Date and Time]
  Returns a date value corresponding to the given year, month, and day of the month.