SQL Statements

Descriptions of the SQL statements available in Sybase IQ, including some that can be used only from Embedded SQL or Interactive SQL.

• Common Elements in SQL Syntax
  Language elements that are found in the syntax of many SQL statements.
• Syntax Conventions
  Conventions used in the SQL syntax descriptions.
• Statement Applicability Indicators
  Some statement titles are followed by an indicator in square brackets that shows where the statement can be used.
• ALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR Statement [ESQL]
  Allocates space for a SQL descriptor area (SQLDA).
• ALTER DATABASE Statement
  Upgrades a database created with a previous version of the software or adds or removes Java or jConnect™ for JDBC™ support. Run this statement with Interactive SQL (dbisql).
• ALTER DBSPACE Statement
  Changes the read/write mode, changes the size, or extends an existing dbspace.
• ALTER DOMAIN Statement
  Renames a user-defined domain or data type. Does not rename Java types.
• ALTER EVENT Statement
  Changes the definition of an event or its associated handler for automating predefined actions. Also alters the definition of scheduled actions.
• ALTER FUNCTION Statement
  Modifies an existing function. Include the entire modified function in the ALTER FUNCTION statement.
• ALTER INDEX Statement
  Renames indexes in base or global temporary tables and foreign key role names of indexes and foreign keys explicitly created by a user.
• ALTER LOGICAL SERVER Statement
  Modifies configuration for the existing user-defined logical server in the database.
• ALTER LOGIN POLICY Statement
  Modifies some or all option values for existing login policies in the database.
• ALTER LS POLICY Statement
  Modifies some or all option values for the existing root logical server policy in the database.
• ALTER MULTIPLEX RENAME Statement
  Renames the multiplex and stores the multiplex name in SYS.ISYSIQINFO system table. Users must be specifically licensed for the Multiplex Option in order to start secondary nodes.
• ALTER MULTIPLEX SERVER Statement
  Changes the name, catalog file path, role, or status of the given server.
• ALTER PROCEDURE Statement
  Replaces an existing procedure with a modified version. Include the entire modified procedure in the ALTER PROCEDURE statement, and reassign user permissions on the procedure.
• ALTER SERVER Statement
  Modifies the attributes of a remote server.
• ALTER SERVICE Statement
  Alters a Web service.
• ALTER TABLE Statement
  Modifies a table definition.
• ALTER TEXT CONFIGURATION Statement
  Alters a text configuration object.
• ALTER TEXT INDEX Statement
  Alters the definition of a TEXT index.
• ALTER USER Statement
  Changes user settings.
• ALTER VIEW Statement
  Replaces a view definition with a modified version.
• BACKUP Statement
  Backs up a Sybase IQ database on one or more archive devices.
• BEGIN … END Statement
  Groups SQL statements together.
• BEGIN PARALLEL IQ … END PARALLEL IQ Statement
  Groups CREATE INDEX statements together for execution at the same time.
• BEGIN TRANSACTION Statement [T-SQL]
  Use this statement to begin a user-defined transaction.
• CALL Statement
  Invokes a procedure.
• CASE Statement
  Selects execution path based on multiple cases.
• CHECKPOINT Statement
  Checkpoints the database.
• CLEAR Statement [Interactive SQL]
  Clears the Interactive SQL (dbisql) data window.
• CLOSE Statement [ESQL] [SP]
  Closes a cursor.
• COMMENT Statement
  Stores a comment about a database object in the system tables.
• COMMENT ON LOGICAL SERVER Statement
  Comments on the user-defined logical server.
• COMMIT Statement
  Makes changes to the database permanent, or terminates a user-defined transaction.
• CONFIGURE Statement [Interactive SQL]
  Activates the Interactive SQL (dbisql) configuration window.
• CONNECT Statement [ESQL] [Interactive SQL]
  Establishes a connection to a database.
• CREATE DATABASE Statement
  Creates a database consisting of several operating system files.
• CREATE DBSPACE Statement
  Creates a new dbspace and the associated dbfiles for the IQ main store or catalog store.
• CREATE DOMAIN Statement
  Creates a user-defined data type in the database.
• CREATE EVENT Statement
  Defines an event and its associated handler for automating predefined actions. Also defines scheduled actions.
• CREATE EXISTING TABLE Statement
  Creates a new proxy table that represents an existing table on a remote server.
• CREATE EXTERNLOGIN Statement
  Assigns an alternate login name and password to be used when communicating with a remote server.
• CREATE FUNCTION Statement
  Creates a new function in the database.
• CREATE INDEX Statement
  Creates an index on a specified table, or pair of tables.
• CREATE JOIN INDEX Statement
  Creates a join index, which defines a group of tables that are prejoined through specific columns, to improve performance of queries using tables in a join operation.
• CREATE LOGICAL SERVER Statement
  Creates a user-defined logical server.
• CREATE LOGIN POLICY Statement
  Creates a login policy in the database.
• CREATE MESSAGE Statement [T-SQL]
  Adds a user-defined message to the SYSUSERMESSAGES system table for use by PRINT and RAISERROR statements.
• CREATE MULTIPLEX SERVER Statement
  Creates a multiplex server.
• CREATE PROCEDURE Statement
  Creates a new user-defined SQL procedure in the database.
• CREATE PROCEDURE Statement [T-SQL]
  Creates a new procedure that is compatible with Adaptive Server Enterprise.
• CREATE PROCEDURE Statement (External Procedures)
  Creates an interface to a native or external procedure.
• CREATE SCHEMA Statement
  Creates a schema, which is a collection of tables, views, and permissions and their associated permissions, for a database user.
• CREATE SERVER Statement
  Adds a server to the ISYSSERVER table.
• CREATE SERVICE Statement
  Permits a database server to act as a Web server.
• CREATE TABLE Statement
  Creates a new table in the database or on a remote server.
• CREATE TEXT CONFIGURATION Statement
  Creates a text configuration object.
• CREATE TEXT INDEX Statement
  Creates a TEXT index.
• CREATE USER Statement
  Creates a user.
• CREATE VARIABLE Statement
  Creates a SQL variable.
• CREATE VIEW Statement
  Creates a view on the database. Views are used to give a different perspective on the data even though it is not stored that way.
• DEALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR Statement [ESQL]
  Frees memory associated with a SQL descriptor area.
• Declaration Section [ESQL]
  Declares host variables in an Embedded SQL program. Host variables are used to exchange data with the database.
• DECLARE Statement
  Declares a SQL variable within a compound statement (BEGIN... END).
• DECLARE CURSOR Statement [ESQL] [SP]
  Declares a cursor. Cursors are the primary means for manipulating the results of queries.
• DECLARE CURSOR Statement [T-SQL]
  Declares a cursor that is compatible with Adaptive Server Enterprise.
• DECLARE LOCAL TEMPORARY TABLE Statement
  Declares a local temporary table.
• DELETE Statement
  Deletes rows from the database.
• DELETE (positioned) Statement [ESQL] [SP]
  Deletes the data at the current location of a cursor.
• DESCRIBE Statement [ESQL]
  Gets information about the host variables required to store data retrieved from the database or host variables used to pass data to the database.
• DISCONNECT Statement [Interactive SQL]
  Drops a connection with the database.
• DROP Statement
  Removes objects from the database.
• DROP CONNECTION Statement
  Drops any user connection to the database.
• DROP DATABASE Statement
  Drops a database and its associated dbspace segment files.
• DROP EXTERNLOGIN Statement
  Drops an external login from the Sybase IQ system tables.
• DROP LOGIN POLICY Statement
  Removes a login policy from the database.
• DROP LOGICAL SERVER Statement
  Deletes a user-defined logical server.
• DROP MULTIPLEX SERVER Statement
  Deletes a server from the multiplex.
• DROP SERVER Statement
  Drops a remote server from the Sybase IQ system tables.
• DROP SERVICE Statement
  Deletes a Web service.
• DROP STATEMENT Statement [ESQL]
  Frees statement resources.
• DROP TEXT CONFIGURATION Statement
  Drops a text configuration object.
• DROP TEXT INDEX Statement
  Removes a TEXT index from the database.
• DROP USER Statement
  Removes a user.
• DROP VARIABLE Statement
  Eliminates a SQL variable.
• EXECUTE Statement [ESQL]
  Executes a SQL statement.
• EXECUTE Statement [T-SQL]
  Invokes a procedure, as an Adaptive Server Enterprise-compatible alternative to the CALL statement.
• EXECUTE IMMEDIATE Statement [ESQL] [SP]
  Enables dynamically constructed statements to be executed from within a procedure.
• EXIT Statement [Interactive SQL]
  Leaves dbisql.
• FETCH Statement [ESQL] [SP]
  Repositions a cursor and gets data from it.
• FOR Statement
  Repeats the execution of a statement list once for each row in a cursor.
• FORWARD TO Statement
  Sends native syntax to a remote server.
• FROM Clause
  Specifies the database tables or views involved in a SELECT statement.
• GET DESCRIPTOR Statement [ESQL]
  Retrieves information about variables within a descriptor area, or retrieves actual data from a variable in a descriptor area.
• GOTO Statement [T-SQL]
  Branches to a labeled statement.
• GRANT Statement
  Gives permissions to specific users and creates new user IDs.
• IF Statement
  Provides conditional execution of SQL statements.
• IF Statement [T-SQL]
  Provides conditional execution of a Transact-SQL statement, as an alternative to the Sybase IQ IF statement.
• INCLUDE Statement [ESQL]
  Includes a file into a source program to be scanned by the SQL source language preprocessor.
• INSERT Statement
  Inserts into a table either a single row (Syntax 1) or a selection of rows (Syntax 2) from elsewhere in the current database. Inserts a selection of rows from another database (Syntax 3).
• INSTALL JAVA Statement
  Makes Java classes available for use within a database.
• IQ UTILITIES Statement
  Collects statistics on the buffer caches for a Sybase IQ database.
• LEAVE Statement
  Continues execution by leaving a compound statement or LOOP.
• LOAD TABLE Statement
  Imports data into a database table from an external file.
• LOCK TABLE Statement
  Prevents other concurrent transactions from accessing or modifying a table within the specified time.
• LOOP Statement
  Repeats the execution of a statement list.
• MESSAGE Statement
  Displays a message.
• OPEN Statement [ESQL] [SP]
  Opens a previously declared cursor to access information from the database.
• OUTPUT Statement [Interactive SQL]
  Writes the current query results to a file.
• PARAMETERS Statement [Interactive SQL]
  Specifies parameters to an Interactive SQL (dbisql) command file.
• PREPARE Statement [ESQL]
  Prepares a statement to be executed later or used for a cursor.
• PRINT Statement [T-SQL]
  Displays a message on the message window of the database server.
• PUT Statement [ESQL]
  Inserts a row into the specified cursor.
• RAISERROR Statement [T-SQL]
  Signals an error and sends a message to the client.
• READ Statement [Interactive SQL]
  Reads Interactive SQL (dbisql) statements from a file.
• RELEASE SAVEPOINT Statement
  Releases a savepoint within the current transaction.
• REMOVE Statement
  Removes a class, a package, or a JAR file from a database. Removed classes are no longer available for use as a variable type.
• RESIGNAL Statement
  Resignals an exception condition.
• RESTORE Statement
  Restores a Sybase IQ database backup from one or more archive devices.
• RESUME Statement
  Resumes a procedure after a query.
• RETURN Statement
  Exits a function or procedure unconditionally, optionally providing a return value. Statements following RETURN are not executed.
• REVOKE Statement
  Removes permissions for specified users.
• ROLLBACK Statement
  Undoes any changes made since the last COMMIT or ROLLBACK.
• ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT Statement
  Cancels any changes made since a SAVEPOINT.
• ROLLBACK TRANSACTION Statement [T-SQL]
  Cancels any changes made since a SAVE TRANSACTION.
• SAVEPOINT Statement
  Establishes a savepoint within the current transaction.
• SAVE TRANSACTION Statement [T-SQL]
  Establishes a savepoint within the current transaction.
• SELECT Statement
  Retrieves information from the database.
• SET Statement [ESQL]
  Assigns a value to a SQL variable.
• SET Statement [T-SQL]
  Sets database options in an Adaptive Server Enterprise-compatible manner.
• SET CONNECTION Statement [ESQL] [Interactive SQL]
  Changes the active database connection.
• SET DESCRIPTOR Statement [ESQL]
  Describes the variables in a SQL descriptor area, and places data into the descriptor area.
• SET OPTION Statement
  Changes database options.
• SET OPTION Statement [Interactive SQL]
  Changes Interactive SQL (dbisql) options.
• SET SQLCA Statement [ESQL]
  Tells the SQL preprocessor to use a SQLCA other than the default global sqlca.
• SIGNAL Statement
  Signals an exception condition.
• START DATABASE Statement [Interactive SQL]
  Starts a database on the specified database server.
• START ENGINE Statement [Interactive SQL]
  Starts a database server.
• START JAVA Statement
  Starts the Java VM.
• STOP DATABASE Statement [Interactive SQL]
  Stops a database on the specified database server.
• STOP ENGINE Statement [Interactive SQL]
  Stops a database server.
• STOP JAVA Statement
  Stops the Java VM.
• SYNCHRONIZE JOIN INDEX Statement
  Synchronizes one or more join indexes after one of their base tables has been updated.
• TRIGGER EVENT Statement
  Triggers a named event. The event may be defined for event triggers or be a scheduled event.
• TRUNCATE TABLE Statement
  Deletes all rows from a table without deleting the table definition.
• UNION Operation
  Combines the results of two or more select statements.
• UPDATE Statement
  Modifies existing rows of a single table, or a view that contains only one table.
• UPDATE (positioned) Statement [ESQL] [SP]
  Modifies the data at the current location of a cursor.
• WAITFOR Statement
  Delays processing for the current connection for a specified amount of time or until a given time.
• WHENEVER Statement [ESQL]
  Specifies error handling in an Embedded SQL program.
• WHILE Statement [T-SQL]
  Provides repeated execution of a statement or compound statement.