upper

Converts specified lowercase string to the uppercase equivalent.

Syntax

upper(char_expr)

Parameters

char_expr – is a character-type column name, variable, or constant expression of char, unichar, varchar, nchar, nvarchar, or univarchar type.

Examples

Example 1 – Converts "abcd" to uppercase letters:
```
select upper("abcd")
```
```
---- 
ABCD
```

Usage

upper, a string function, converts lowercase to uppercase, returning a character value.
If char_expr or uchar_expr is NULL, upper returns NULL.
Characters that have no upper-ase equivalent are left unmodified.
If a unichar expression is created containing only half of a surrogate pair, an error message appears and the operation is aborted.

See also Transact-SQL Users Guide.

Standards

ANSI SQL – Compliance level: Transact-SQL extension.

Permissions

Any user can execute upper.

Parent topic: Transact-SQL Functions

Related reference

Created May 28, 2014. Send feedback on this help topic to Technical Publications: pubs@sap.com