DESCRIBE statement [ESQL]

Description

Gets information about the host variables required to store data retrieved from the database or host variables used to pass data to the database.

Syntax

DESCRIBE
…[ USER TYPES ]
…[ { ALL | BIND VARIABLES FOR | INPUT
| OUTPUT | SELECT LIST FOR } ]
…[ { LONG NAMES [ long-name-spec ] | WITH VARIABLE RESULT } ]
…[ FOR ] { statement-name | CURSOR cursor-name }
…INTO sqlda-name

Parameters

long-name-spec:: { OWNER.TABLE.COLUMN | TABLE.COLUMN | COLUMN }

statement-name:: identifier | host-variable

cursor-name:: declared cursor

sqlda-name:: identifier

Examples

Example 1

This example shows how to use the DESCRIBE statement:

sqlda = alloc_sqlda( 3 );
EXEC SQL DESCRIBE OUTPUT 
  FOR employee_statement 
  INTO sqlda;
if( sqlda->sqld  >  sqlda->sqln ) {
  actual_size = sqlda->sqld;
  free_sqlda( sqlda );
  sqlda = alloc_sqlda( actual_size );
  EXEC SQL DESCRIBE OUTPUT 
    FOR employee_statement 
    INTO sqlda;
}

Usage

DESCRIBE sets up the named SQLDA to describe either the OUTPUT (equivalently SELECT LIST) or the INPUT (BIND VARIABLES) for the named statement.

In the INPUT case, DESCRIBE BIND VARIABLES does not set up the data types in the SQLDA: this needs to be done by the application. The ALL keyword lets you describe INPUT and OUTPUT in one SQLDA.

If you specify a statement name, the statement must have been previously prepared using the PREPARE statement with the same statement name and the SQLDA must have been previously allocated (see ALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR statement [ESQL]).

If you specify a cursor name, the cursor must have been previously declared and opened. The default action is to describe the OUTPUT. Only SELECT statements and CALL statements have OUTPUT. A DESCRIBE OUTPUT on any other statement, or on a cursor that is not a dynamic cursor, indicates no output by setting the sqld field of the SQLDA to zero.

USER TYPES A DESCRIBE statement with the USER TYPES clause returns information about user-defined data types of a column. Typically, such a DESCRIBE is done when a previous DESCRIBE returns an indicator of DT_HAS_USERTYPE_INFO.

The information returned is the same as for a DESCRIBE without the USER TYPES keywords, except that the sqlname field holds the name of the user-defined data type, instead of the name of the column.

If DESCRIBE uses the LONG NAMES clause, the sqldata field holds this information.

SELECT DESCRIBE OUTPUT fills in the data type and length in the SQLDA for each select list item. The name field is also filled in with a name for the select list item. If an alias is specified for a select list item, the name is that alias. Otherwise, the name derives from the select list item: if the item is a simple column name, it is used; otherwise, a substring of the expression is used. DESCRIBE also puts the number of select list items in the sqld field of the SQLDA.

If the statement being described is a UNION of two or more SELECT statements, the column names returned for DESCRIBE OUTPUT are the same column names which would be returned for the first SELECT statement.

CALL The DESCRIBE OUTPUT statement fills in the data type, length, and name in the SQLDA for each INOUT or OUT parameter in the procedure. DESCRIBE OUTPUT also puts the number of INOUT or OUT parameters in the sqld field of the SQLDA.

CALL (result set) DESCRIBE OUTPUT fills in the data type, length, and name in the SQLDA for each RESULT column in the procedure definition. DESCRIBE OUTPUT also puts the number of result columns in the sqld field of the SQLDA.

INPUT A bind variable is a value supplied by the application when the database executes the statements. Bind variables can be considered parameters to the statement. DESCRIBE INPUT fills in the name fields in the SQLDA with the bind variable names. DESCRIBE INPUT also puts the number of bind variables in the sqld field of the SQLDA.

DESCRIBE uses the indicator variables in the SQLDA to provide additional information. DT_PROCEDURE_IN and DT_PROCEDURE_OUT are bits that are set in the indicator variable when a CALL statement is described. DT_PROCEDURE_IN indicates an IN or INOUT parameter and DT_PROCEDURE_OUT indicates an INOUT or OUT parameter. Procedure RESULT columns has both bits clear. After a describe OUTPUT, these bits can be used to distinguish between statements that have result sets (need to use OPEN, FETCH, RESUME, CLOSE) and statements that do not (need to use EXECUTE). DESCRIBE INPUT sets DT_PROCEDURE_IN and DT_PROCEDURE_OUT appropriately only when a bind variable is an argument to a CALL statement; bind variables within an expression that is an argument in a CALL statement sets the bits.

DESCRIBE ALL lets you describe INPUT and OUTPUT with one request to the database server. This has a performance benefit in a multiuser environment. The INPUT information is filled in the SQLDA first, followed by the OUTPUT information. The sqld field contains the total number of INPUT and OUTPUT variables. The DT_DESCRIBE_INPUT bit in the indicator variable is set for INPUT variables and clear for OUTPUT variables.

Retrieving long column names

The LONG NAMES clause is provided to retrieve column names for a statement or cursor. Without this clause, there is a 29-character limit on the length of column names: with the clause, names of an arbitrary length are supported.

If LONG NAMES is used, the long names are placed into the SQLDATA field of the SQLDA, as if you were fetching from a cursor. None of the other fields (SQLLEN, SQLTYPE, and so on) are filled in. The SQLDA must be set up like a FETCH SQLDA: it must contain one entry for each column, and the entry must be a string type.

The default specification for the long names is TABLE.COLUMN.

Describing variable result sets

The WITH VARIABLE RESULT statement is used to describe procedures that might have more than one result set, with different numbers or types of columns.

If WITH VARIABLE RESULT is used, the database server sets the SQLCOUNT value after the describe to one of these values: