Relational operators in DataWindow expressions

You use relational operators to compare a value with other values. The result is a boolean expression whose value is always true or false.

Since the result of a boolean expression is always true or false, a relational operator that compares a value to null evaluates to false. For example, the expression “column > 5” evaluates to false (and “NOT column > 5” evaluates to true) when the column value is null.

When you write an expression, you can use the following relational operators (more information about LIKE, IN, and BETWEEN follows the table):

**Table 1-7: Using expressions with relational operators**
Operator	Meaning	Example
=	Is equal to	Price = 100
>	Is greater than	Price > 100
<	Is less than	Price < 100
<>	Is not equal to	Price <> 100
>=	Greater than or equal to	Price >= 100
<=	Less than or equal to	Price <= 100
NOT =	Is not equal to	Price NOT= 100
LIKE	Matches this specified pattern.	Emp_lname LIKE `'`C%`'` OR Emp_lname LIKE `'`G%`'`
IN	Is in this set of values.	Dept_id IN (100, 200, 500)
BETWEEN	Is within this range of values. The range includes the first and last values.	Price BETWEEN 1000 AND 3000
NOT LIKE	Does not match this specified pattern.	Emp_lname NOT LIKE `'`C%`'` AND Emp_lname NOT LIKE `'`G%`'`
NOT IN	Is not in this set of values.	Dept_id NOT IN (100, 200, 500)
NOT BETWEEN	Is outside this range of values. The range includes the first and last values.	Price NOT BETWEEN 1000 AND 2000

Special characters for operations with strings

You can use the following special characters with relational operators that take string values:

**Table 1-8: Special characters for use in expressions with relational operators**
Special character	Meaning	Example
% (percent)	Matches any group of characters.	Good% matches all names that begin with Good.
_ (underscore)	Matches any single character.	Good _ _ _ matches all 7-letter names that begin with Good.

LIKE and NOT LIKE operators

Use LIKE to search for strings that match a predetermined pattern. Use NOT LIKE to search for strings that do not match a predetermined pattern. When you use LIKE or NOT LIKE, you can use the % or _ characters to match unknown characters in a pattern.

For example, the following expression for the Background.Color property of the Salary column displays salaries in red for employees with last names beginning with F and displays all other salaries in white:

If(emp_lname LIKE'F%',RGB(255,0,0),RGB(255,255,255))

Escape keyword

If you need to use the % or _ characters as part of the string, you can use the escape keyword to indicate that the character is part of the string. For example, the _ character in the following filter string is part of the string to be searched for, but is treated as a wildcard:

comment LIKE ~'%o_a15progress%~'

The escape keyword designates any character as an escape character (do not use a character that is part of the string you want to match). In the following example, the asterisk (*) character is inserted before the _ character and designated as an escape character, so that the _ character is treated as part of the string to be matched:

comment like ~'%o*_a15progress%~' escape ~'*~'

BETWEEN and NOT BETWEEN operators

Use BETWEEN to check if a value is within a range of values. Use NOT BETWEEN to check if a value is not in a range of values. The range of values includes the boundary values that specify the range.

For example, the following expression for the Background.Color property of the Salary column displays salaries in red when an employee’s salary is between $50,000 and $100,000 and displays all other salaries in white:

If(salary BETWEEN 50000 AND 100000, RGB(255,0,0), RGB(255,255,255))

You can use the BETWEEN and NOT BETWEEN operators with string values. For example, if the following expression is used for the Visual property of a column, column values display only for departments listed alphabetically between Finance and Sales:

If(dept_name BETWEEN 'Finance' AND 'Sales',1,0)

The % or _ characters can be used when you are using string values with the BETWEEN and NOT BETWEEN operators. This example might include more department listings than the previous example:

If(dept_name BETWEEN 'F%' AND 'S%',1,0)

You can also use the BETWEEN and NOT BETWEEN operators with methods. For example:

GetRow( ) BETWEEN 5 AND 8

IN and NOT IN operators

Use IN to check if a value is in a set of values. Use NOT IN to check if a value is not in a set of values.

For example, the following expression for the Background.Color property of the Salary column displays salaries in red for employees in department 300 or 400 having a salary between $50,000 and $100,000, and displays all other salaries in white:

If(dept_id IN (300,400) and salary BETWEEN 50000 AND 100000, RGB(255,0,0), RGB(255,255,255))