print

Description

Prints a user-defined message on the user’s screen.

Syntax

print 
	{format_string | @local_variable | 
	@@global_variable}
		[, arg_list]

Parameters

format_string

can be either a variable or a string of characters. The maximum length of format_string is 1023 bytes.

Format strings can contain up to 20 unique placeholders in any order. These placeholders are replaced with the formatted contents of any arguments that follow format_string when the text of the message is sent to the client.

To allow reordering of the arguments when format strings are translated to a language with a different grammatical structure, the placeholders are numbered. A placeholder for an argument appears in this format: “ %nn !”—a percent sign (%), followed by an integer from 1 to 20, followed by an exclamation point (!). The integer represents the argument number in the string in the argument list. “%1!” is the first argument in the original version, “%2!” is the second argument, and so on.

Indicating the position of the argument in this way makes it possible to translate correctly, even when the order in which the arguments appear in the target language is different.

For example, assume the following is an English message:

%1! is not allowed in %2!.

The German version of this message is:

%1! ist in %2! nicht zulassig.
@local_variable

must be of type char, nchar, varchar, or nvarchar, and must be declared within the batch or procedure in which it is used.

@@global_variable

must be of type char or varchar, or be automatically convertible to these types, such as @@version. Currently, @@version is the only character-type global variable.

arg_list

may be a series of either variables or constants separated by commas. arg_list is optional unless a format string containing placeholders of the form “%nn !” is provided. In that case, the arg_list must have at least as many arguments as the highest numbered placeholder. An argument can be any datatype except text or image; it is converted to a character datatype before being included in the final message.

Examples

Example 1

Prints “Berkeley author” if any authors in the authors table live in the 94705 ZIP code:

if exists (select postalcode from authors 
where postalcode = '94705') 
print "Berkeley author"

Example 2

Declares a variable, assigns a value to the variable, and prints the value:

declare @msg char(50) 
select @msg = "What's up, doc?" 
print @msg
What's up, doc?

Example 3

Demonstrates the use of variables and placeholders in messages:

declare @tabname varchar(30) 
select @tabname = "titles" 

declare @username varchar(30) 
select @username = "ezekiel" 

print "The table '%1!' is not owned by the user '%2!'.", @tabname, @username
The table 'titles' is not owned 
by the user 'ezekiel.'

Usage

Standards

ANSI SQL – Compliance level: Transact-SQL extension.

Permissions

print permission defaults to all users. No permission is required to use it.

See also

Commands declare, raiserror

System procedures sp_addmessage, sp_getmessage